Navy

~  Early Navy & Marine Buttons ~

~ 1748 to 1850’s ~

 

 1790 American Liberty Tree of Justice Navy Cuff

 

 

 

 

~ The Lieutenant’s Tudor Rose Button ~
~ 1748 to 1787 ~

The British Royal Navy was sailing around the world’s oceans for a long time before any kind of official regulations pertaining to regulation uniforms and buttons came around. From 1748 to 1767, all Lieutenants wore flat gilded buttons with a recessed Tudor Rose on all their undress uniforms. After full dress was abolished in 1767, this became the standard button on all Lieutenant’s uniforms until 1787-88. Flag officers wore them on their undress uniforms from 1748-67, and then were wore them on all their uniforms up until 1795. Flag Officers (Various grades of Admirals) distinguished themselves by having a decorative wreath border around the Tudor Rose. Below is a sample listing of some variants found in the market. These buttons can be found in many styles, and these different variations seems endless. Since this button’s pattern is still manufactured to this day, I would recommend early Royal Navy button collectors seek bone or wood back Repousse specimens to tightly date their collections.

 

 

 

1748-95 ROYAL NAVY FLAG OFFICER’S TUDOR ROSE

Color: A Silvery-Olive Brown with Whitish Gold Encrustations.
Metal: Slightly Convex, 2-Piece, Raised Design, Gilt Sheet Copper Repousse.
Size: 25.11mm. Coat Size
Troiani: Similar to BNL.h. (This Specimen is Pictured in the Book)
Variation: Tudor Rose / Ornate  Decorative Wreath Border.
Present Condition: An Excavated Example, Strong Repousse, Strong/Exceptional High Relief Pattern.
Robert’s Comments: We know from 1748 to 1767, all Lieutenants wore flat gilt buttons with a Tudor Rose on their undress uniforms. In 1767, full dress uniforms were no longer used, and the Tudor Rose buttons became the standard on all uniforms until November of 1787. In 1788, the Tudor Rose pattern was replaced for the new Anchor motif. From this point forward all Captains and Commanders would use this new Anchor style pattern. Some early Tudor Rose buttons are known to have either bone or wood backs. These bigger buttons were probably used for their undress sea coats. This button’s pattern is a rare example of a Tudor Rose with a Ornate Decorative Wreath Border. The high relief pattern is set on a plain field.
Reverse Button Analysis: This is a 2-piece button with a wood back, and uses a cat gut cord for the attachment. The wood unfortunately has a mild crack, but otherwise is still intact.

Excavated in the State of New York.~
The RJ Silverstein Collection.

The Table Below shows how the Pattern was used:

Royal Navy Flag Officer 1748-67 Full Dress
Royal Navy Flag Officers 1767-95 All Uniforms

Each Royal Navy officer who reached flag-rank came from the Captains’ List. This seniority determined which officer was next in line for promotion; post-captains with greater seniority would be promoted before those officers lower down on the list. The Captains’ List was all-important:

Some research indicates that in 1757, All Captains wore Tudor Rose buttons on their Dress Uniforms. They were usually Gilt brass, or Solid Silver.~

Isabela’s notes: A Flag Rank Officer is an honor bestowed on a senior Navy Captain who is assigned to lead a squadron of vessels in addition to the command of their own ship.~ The United States Congress did not create the title of “flag rank officer” as an actual rank in the Navy until 1857.~

1748-87 ROYAL NAVY LIEUTENANT’S TUDOR ROSE BUTTON

Color: A Tarnished Silver with Green Encrustations.
Metal: Flat, 1-Piece, Engraved Design, White Metal.
Size: 22.79mm. Coat Size
Troiani: Similar to the BNL Series: Unlisted Variant.
Variation: Large Engraved Tudor Rose
Present Condition: An Excavated Example, Strong Planchet Casting, Strong Impressions.
Robert’s Comments: This is one of many Tudor Rose variants. The button’s pattern depicts a Large Engraved Tudor Rose in the center. The pattern is on a plain flat field with no raised edge border.
Reverse Button Analysis: This is flat button with a loop shank. The loop is original and intact, but crushed inward.

Excavated in Massachusetts.
The RJ Silverstein Collection.

Royal Navy Lieutenant’s 1748-67 Full Dress to 1767
Royal Navy Lieutenant’s 1767-87-88 All Uniforms

1748-87 ROYAL NAVY LIEUTENANT’S TUDOR ROSE SEA COAT BUTTON

Color: A Charcoal Silver.
Metal: Flat, 1-Piece, Engraved Design, White Metal.
Size: 26.01mm. Sea Coat Size
Troiani: Similar to the BNL Series: Unlisted Variant.
Variation: Medium Size Tudor Rose / Large Field
Present Condition: An Excavated Example, Strong Planchet Casting, Strong Impression.
Robert’s Comments: This was most likely a Navy officer’s Sea Coat button due to it’s large size. The button’s pattern depicts a Medium Size Tudor Rose in the center of a Large Field. The pattern is on a plain flat field with no raised edge border.
Reverse Button Analysis: This is flat button with a loop shank. The raised boss is still present, but the loop is missing.

Dug by John on Prince Edwards Island, Canada.
The RJ Silverstein Collection.

Royal Navy Lieutenant’s 1748-67 Full Dress to 1767
Royal Navy Lieutenant’s 1767-87-88 All Uniforms

1748-87 ROYAL NAVY LIEUTENANT’S TUDOR ROSE TOMBAC BUTTON

Color: A White Silver.
Metal: Flat, 1-Piece, Engraved design, White Tombac.
Size: 23mm. Coat Size
Troiani: Similar to the BNL Series: Unlisted Variant.
Variation: Medium Size Engraved Tudor Rose / Crude Style Cable
Present Condition: An Excavated Example, Strong Planchet Casting, Strong Engraving.
Robert’s Comments: This is a completely different kind construction for a Tudor Rose Button. This button was made of white Tombac. White Tombac is an alloy of copper, zinc, and arsenic. Tombac was very popular with the colonist in America because they resembled silver, but were much more economically priced. What makes this button unique is in it’s construction. The Tombac was poured with a deeply embedded wire loop and then lathe turned. This method is much more time consuming and labor intensive then your common pewter poured specimens. The button’s pattern depicts a Medium Size Engraved Tudor Rose in the center. Circling around the outside edge is a Crude Style Cable. The pattern is engraved on a plain flat field with no raised edge border.
Reverse Button Analysis: This is a flat button with a loop shank. The loop is original, straight, and intact.

The Dale Collection.

 

 

 

 

1748-87 ROYAL NAVY LIEUTENANT’S TUDOR ROSE BUTTON

Color: A Flat Silver with Green & Yellow Encrustations.
Metal: Flat, 1-Piece, Engraved design, White Metal.
Size: 20mm. Coat Size
Troiani: Similar to the BNL Series: Unlisted Variant.
Variation: Small Engraved Tudor Rose.
Present Condition: An Excavated Example, Strong Planchet Casting, Strong Engraving.
Robert’s Comments: Here is another variation of a Lieutenant’s Tudor Rose. The button’s pattern depicts a Small Engraved Tudor Rose in the center. The pattern is on a plain flat field with no raised edge border.
Reverse Button Analysis: This is a flat button with a loop shank. The loop is original and intact, but bent downward.

The Table Below shows how the Pattern was used:

Royal Navy Lieutenant’s 1748-67 Full Dress to 1767
Royal Navy Lieutenant’s 1767-87-88 All Uniforms

1748-87 ROYAL NAVY LIEUTENANT’S TUDOR ROSE SEA COAT BUTTON

Color: A Silvery White Tombac Color.
Metal: Flat, Hexagon Shape, 1-Piece, Impressed Design, White Tombac.
Size: 23.45mm.  Sea Coat Size
Troiani: Similar to the BNL Series:   Unlisted Shape Variant.
Variation: Tudor Rose / Hexagonal Shape.
Present Condition: An Excavated Example, Good/Strong Planchet Casting, Strong Engraved Pattern.
Robert’s Comments: The Tudor Rose was the English symbol for Royal Feuds. From 1748 to 1767, all Lieutenants wore flat gilt buttons with a recessed Tudor Rose on all their undress uniforms. For their full dress uniforms they wore plain domed buttons. This is a bit more lavish style design that shows exceptional design detail. The button’s pattern depicts a recessed Tudor Rose in the center. The edge border is Hexagonal Shape with a slightly beveled edge. The engraved pattern is on a plain flat field. Hexagonal or oval shape cuff buttons are a bit more scarce then the commonly found round varieties.
Reverse Button Analysis: The button is a one piece button with a loop shank. The shank is missing.

Dug by John on Prince Edwards Island, Mount Stewart, Canada.~
The RJ Silverstein Collection.

1748-87 ROYAL NAVY LIEUTENANT’S TUDOR ROSE SEA COAT BUTTON

Color: A Greenish Brown with Green Encrustations.
Metal: Flat, Hexagon Shape, 1-Piece, Impressed Design, Gilt Brass.
Size: 23.32mm.  Sea Coat Size
Troiani: Similar to the BNL Series:   Unlisted Shape Variant.
Variation: Tudor Rose / Hexagonal Shape.
Present Condition: An Excavated Example, Good/Strong Planchet Casting, Strong Engraved Pattern.
Robert’s Comments: The Tudor Rose was the English symbol for Royal Feuds. From 1748 to 1767, all Lieutenants wore flat gilt buttons with a recessed Tudor Rose on all their undress uniforms. For their full dress uniforms they wore plain domed buttons. This is a bit more lavish style design that shows exceptional design detail. The button’s pattern depicts a recessed Tudor Rose in the center. The edge border is Hexagonal Shape with a slightly beveled edge. The engraved pattern is on a plain flat field. Hexagonal or oval shape cuff buttons are a bit more scarce then the commonly found round varieties.
Reverse Button Analysis: The button is a one piece button with a loop shank. The shank is missing.

Dug by John on Prince Edwards Island, Mount Stewart, Canada.~
The RJ Silverstein Collection.

1748-87 ROYAL NAVY LIEUTENANT’S TUDOR ROSE CUFF BUTTON

Color: A Sea Foam Green with Patches of Brown.
Metal: Flat, 1-Piece, Impressed Design, Gilt Brass.
Size: 16.05mm.  Cuff Size
Troiani: Similar to the BNL Series:  
Variation: Tudor Rose
Present Condition: An Excavated Example, Good Planchet Casting, Good Impression.
Robert’s Comments: The Tudor Rose was the English symbol for Royal Feuds. From 1748 to 1767, all Lieutenants wore flat gilt buttons with a recessed Tudor Rose on all their undress uniforms. For their full dress uniforms they wore plain domed buttons. This button would be one of your common buttons worn by navy officers. The button’s pattern depicts a large recessed Tudor Rose in the center. The impressed pattern is on a plain flat field. Collectors see a large number of these found in Canada.
Reverse Button Analysis: The button is a one piece button with a loop shank. The shank is missing.

Dug in Tracadie on Prince Edwards Island, Canada.~
The RJ Silverstein Collection.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1748-87 ROYAL NAVY LIEUTENANT’S TUDOR ROSE CUFF

Color: A Golden Brown with Gilt Highlights.
Metal: Flat, Hexagon Shape, 1-Piece, Impressed Design, Gilt Brass.
Size: 15.93mm.  Cuff Size
Troiani: Similar to the BNL Series:   Unlisted Shape Variant.
Variation: Tudor Rose / Hexagonal Shape.
Present Condition: An Excavated Example, Exceptional Planchet Casting, Exceptional Engraved Pattern.
Robert’s Comments: The Tudor Rose was the English symbol for Royal Feuds. From 1748 to 1767, all Lieutenants wore flat gilt buttons with a recessed Tudor Rose on all their undress uniforms. For their full dress uniforms they wore plain domed buttons. This is a bit more lavish style design that shows exceptional design detail. The button’s pattern depicts a recessed Tudor Rose in the center. The edge border is Hexagonal Shape with a slightly beveled edge. The engraved pattern is on a plain flat field. Hexagonal or oval shape cuff buttons are a bit more scarce then the commonly found round varieties.
Reverse Button Analysis: The button is a one piece button with a loop shank. The shank is original, straight, and intact.

Excavated By J. Baldwin in a camp near St. Augustine, Florida.~
The RJ Silverstein Collection.

The Table Below shows how the Pattern was used:

Royal Navy Lieutenant’s 1748-67 Full Dress to 1767
Royal Navy Lieutenant’s 1767-87-88 All Uniforms

1748-87 ROYAL NAVY LIEUTENANT’S TUDOR ROSE CUFF

Color: A Flat Silver with A Touch of Green.
Metal: Slightly Convex, 1-Piece, Impressed Design, Solid Silver.
Size: 15mm.  Cuff Size
Troiani: Similar to the BNL Series: Unlisted Shape Variant.
Variation: Tudor Rose / Hexagonal Shape.
Present Condition: An Excavated Example, Strong Planchet Casting, Exceptional Engraved Pattern.
Robert’s Comments: This is another die variant of a Hexagonal Shape Tudor Rose button. Since this is solid silver, it could have been made by a local jeweler or artisan. The button’s pattern depicts a recessed Tudor Rose engraved in the center. Circling around the button’s edge is a decorative line border to match the Hexagonal Shape. The impressed pattern is on a plain flat field. Hexagonal or oval shape cuff buttons are a bit more scarce then the commonly found round varieties.
Reverse Button Analysis: The button is slightly concave with a loop shank. The shank is original, straight, and intact.

The Dale Collection.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

~ Royal Navy Captain & Commander’s Buttons Prior to the 1787 Regulation ~
In early colonial times, only commissioned officers wore uniforms. By 1748, there were specifically designed buttons for the various ranks. Originally Captains and Commanders only wore plain gilded domed buttons until the regulations of July 30, 1774. The new regulation required all domed buttons be replaced with flat buttons with an anchor and cable design impressed into them. This new regulation was very short lived, and was replaced in 1787, with a raised anchor motif within a recessed oval.

Collector’s Note: Understanding the different patterns that were used is not the same thing as understanding the slight different variations of a pattern.

 

 

 

 

 

1774-87 ROYAL NAVY CAPTAIN’S BUTTON
1787-1805 Masters & Assistant Masters
1787-1807 RN Surgeons, Pursers, & Warrant Officers

Color: Brass Yellow with An Algae Green border.
Metal: Flat, 1-Piece, Impressed Design, Gilt Brass.
Size: 23.8mm   Coat Size
Grains: 56.50
Troiani: Similar to BNC.l.
Variation: Fouled Anchor / V-Shaped Crown / Rounded Ends / Chain Coming off the Anchor’s Top Ring.
Present Condition: A Non Excavated Example, Exceptional Planchet Casting, Exceptional Impressions.
Robert’s Comments: This pattern was originally used for Captains & commanders, but was adopted for Masters, RN Surgeons, Pursers, Warrant Officers and even Mid-Shipmen in 1787-1807. There was still commerce going on between the colonial states and English manufacturers, so it would have been normal for an American garment maker to order these buttons and use them on Continental Navy Officer’s uniforms. There are a number of variations to this pattern which depicts a chain link instead of a cable. It is similar to Troiani’s book example, but this exceptional specimen depicts a rounded stock for the ends instead of square. This button’s pattern depicts a Fouled Anchor with a V-Shaped Crown. There is aChain Coming off the Anchor’s Top Ring on the left hand-side. The chain goes under a straight stock with Rounded Ends, and then over and under the shaft. Then goes under the left fluke, and wraps under the pointed crown, and then goes up under the right fluke, and off the side of the button. The anchor’s stock has vertical lines and the shaft and crown have horizontal lines. The pattern is stamped into a plain flat round planchet with no raised edge border.
Reverse Button Analysis: A One Piece Casting for the Reverse Shank. The shank is original, straight, and intact.

Stacks Auctions January 2003.~
Harold Cobb/Descendants 1958 to 2003.~
Cobb Purchased this from J.J. Goldberg (B.G. Johnson) in 1961.~

Cobb thought this button was from an officer in the Connecticut navy during the American Revolutionary War. It was discovered in January, 1961 on a pair of white naval breeches that had been owned by Burdette G. Johnson of St. Louis, Missouri. Johnson had bought the breeches in Philadelphia years earlier. On the breeches were 12 small size Eagle and Star buttons GWI 12-B, and three naval buttons. Eleven of the 12 Eagle & Star buttons were sold to various collectors. One of the three naval buttons was sold to Sally Luscomb, and this one went to Cobb. The breeches, with one Eagle & Star and the one Naval Officer’s Fouled Anchor button ( still attached), were sold to DeWitt, who exhibited them in his museum in Hartford, Connecticut.~

After consulting Don Troiani, he explained to me, “there was no official regulation on the pattern of the button used for officers in the Continental Navy. They purchased what ever they wished. An American officer had the choice of using either American, British, or French manufactured Anchor buttons. The only regulation is that they had to be yellow brass ones. The same buttons were worn on dress and undress clothing. It is the number, and the arrangement that will vary.”

1774-87 ROYAL NAVY CAPTAIN’S BUTTON
1787-1805 Masters & Assistant Masters
1787-1807 RN Surgeons, Pursers, & Warrant Officers

Color: An Ochre of Brown, Greens and Golds.
Metal: Flat, 1-Piece, Impressed Design, Gilt Brass.
Size: 16mm, Cuff Size
Troiani: BNC.l.
Variation: Fouled Anchor / Barbed Crown /Square Ends / Chain Coming off the Anchor’s Top Ring.
Present Condition: A Non Excavated Example, Exceptional Planchet Casting, Exceptional Impressions.
Robert’s Comments: This pattern was originally used for Captains & commanders, but was adopted for Masters, RN Surgeons, Pursers, Warrant Officers and even Mid-Shipmen in 1787-1807. There was still commerce between the colonial states garment maker in America, so it would have been normal for them to order these buttons and place them on Continental Navy Officer’s uniforms. There are a number of variations to this pattern which depicts a chain link instead of a cable. This button’s pattern depicts a Fouled Anchor with a Barbed Crown. There is a Chain Coming off the Anchor’s Top Ring on the left hand-side. The chain goes under a straight stock with Square Ends, and then under the shaft 2x. Then goes under the left fluke, and wraps under the barbed crown, and then goes up under the right fluke, and off the side of the button. The anchor’s stock has vertical lines and the shaft and crown have horizontal lines. The pattern is stamped into a plain flat round planchet with no raised edge border.
Reverse Button Analysis: A One Piece Casting for the Reverse Shank. The shank is original, straight, and intact.

The table below shows how a specific pattern was used over time by different ranks of Naval Officers:

Capt./Commander 1774 to 1787
RN Master & Mate 1787 to 1807
RN Surgeon 1787 to 1805
RN Purser 1787 to 1807
RN Warrant Officer 1787 to 1860
RN Midshipman 1787 to 1812
RN Volunteer Gr.I 1787 to 1812

*RN is the designation for Royal Navy.~

1774-87 A ROYAL NAVY CAPTAIN’S BUTTON OR A CONTINENTAL NAVY CAPTAIN’S BUTTON

Color: A Golden Brown with Charcoal Verdigris Spots.
Metal: Flat, 1-Piece, Impressed Design, Copper.
Size: 24.25mm. Large Coat Size
Variation:  Fouled Anchor with Decorative Lines and A Barbed Crown / Upright Top Ring / Slanted Stock.
Present Condition: An Excavated Example, Strong Planchet Casting, Strong Impressions.
Robert’s Comments: This is another early pattern associated with Royal Navy Officers. This button could have also been used during the American Revolution by Continental Navy Officers. The button’s pattern depicts a Fouled Anchor with Decorative Lines and a Barbed Crown. The cable comes off the anchor’s Upright Top Ring on the left hand-side. The cable goes under a Slanted Stock with Four Raised Lines, then over and under a partially lined shaft. The cable then goes under the left fluke, and then fish hooks below the crown pointing toward the right. The pattern is impressed into a plain flat round planchet, and has no raised edge border.
Reverse Button Analysis: This is a flat one-piece button with a loop shank. The shank is original, straight, and intact.

The RJ Silverstein Collection.

 

1774-87 ROYAL NAVY OFFICER’S BUTTON

Color: A Rusty Brown with Orange Undertones.
Metal: Flat, 1-Piece, Impressed Design, Gilded Brass.
Size: 21mm. Coat Size
Variation:  Fouled Anchor with Decorative Lines and A V-Shaped Crown / Relaxed Top Ring / Slanted Lined Stock.
Present Condition: An Excavated Example, Strong Planchet Casting, Strong Impressions.
Robert’s Comments: This is another pattern associated with British Royal Navy Officers. The button’s pattern depicts a Fouled Anchor with Decorative Lines and a V-Shaped Crown. The cable comes off the anchor’s Relaxed Top Ring on the right hand-side. The cable goes under aSlanted Lined Stock, then under the shaft and left fluke, and then fish hooks below the crown. The pattern is impressed into a plain flat round planchet with no raised edge border.
Reverse Button Analysis: This is a flat one-piece button with a loop shank.

 

 

 

1774-87 ROYAL NAVY CAPTAIN AND COMMANDER’S BUTTON

Color: A Chocolate Brown with Gold & Green Encrustations.
Metal: Flat, 1-Piece, Impressed Design, Gilt Brass.
Size: 22mm.  Coat Size
Variation: Fouled Anchor with a V-Shaped Crown / Horizontal Stock.
Present Condition: An Excavated Example, Strong Planchet Casting, Exceptional Impressions.
Robert’s Comments:  This was a popular pattern used by Royal Navy Officers that was made with slight variations in the pattern. The button’s pattern depicts a Fouled Anchor with a V-Shaped Crown. The cable comes off the anchor’s top ring on the left hand-side. The cable goes under aHorizontal Stock, over and under the shaft, under then around the left fluke, below the crown, under then dips behind right fluke then off the right side. The pattern is impressed into a plain flat round planchet with no raised edge border.
Reverse Button Analysis: This is a one-piece button with a loop shank. The shank is unfortunately missing. No back mark.

This was Excavated in Boston Massachusetts.~
The RJ Silverstein Collection.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1774-87 ROYAL NAVY CAPTAIN AND COMMANDER’S BUTTON

Color: A Mud Brown.
Metal: Flat, 1-Piece, Impressed Design, Gilt Brass.
Size: 22mm.  Coat Size
Variation: Fouled Anchor with a V-Shaped Crown / Horizontal Stock.
Present Condition: An Excavated Example, Strong Planchet Casting, Exceptional Impressions.
Robert’s Comments: This is a perfect example of a die variant that is only slightly different then the specimen pictured above. Even though there are a number of variations to this design, most are extremely close and only differentiate in subtle ways. The button’s pattern depicts aFouled Anchor with a V-Shaped Crown. The cable comes off the anchor’s top ring on the left hand-side. The cable goes under a Horizontal Stock, over and under the shaft, under then around the left fluke, below the crown, under then dips behind right fluke then off the right side. The pattern is stamped into a plain flat round planchet with no raised edge border.
Reverse Button Analysis: This is a one-piece button with a loop shank. The shank is original, straight, and intact. No back mark.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1774-87 ROYAL NAVY CAPTAIN AND COMMANDER’S BUTTON

Color: A Muddy Brown with Gold Design Highlights.
Metal: Flat, 1-Piece, Impressed Design, Gilt Brass.
Size: 22mm. Coat Size
Variation: Upright Anchor with a Barbed Crown / Slanted Lined Stock
Present Condition: An Excavated Example, Good Planchet, Good Impressions.
Robert’s Comments: This is another pattern variation that was used by officers in the Royal Navy. The button’s pattern depicts a large Upright Anchor with a Barbed Crown. The pattern shows a cable coming off the anchors top ring on the left hand side. The cable goes under a Slanted Lined Stock, and then over and under the shaft, and then under the left fluke, and then dangles under the barbed crown. The pattern is impressed into a plain flat round planchet with no raised edge border.
Reverse Button Analysis: This is a one-piece button with a loop shank. The shank is original, straight, and intact. No back mark.

This was Dug in the State of Delaware, near a ship landing site.

 

 

 

 

 

1780’s-1815 ROYAL NAVY CAPTAIN AND COMMANDER’S BUTTON

Color: A Soft Brown with Coppery Red Undertones.
Metal: 1-Piece, Domed, Impressed Design, Gilded Brass.
Size: 19.59mm.  Coat Size
Variation: Upright Fouled Anchor with Decorative Lines / Rope Comes Through the Anchor’s Top Ring.
Present Condition: An Excavated Example, Strong Planchet Casting, Strong Impressions.
Robert’s Comments: This specimen is another pattern used by Navy Officers in the late 17th and early 19th Century. The button’s pattern depicts an Upright Fouled Anchor with Decorative Lines within. In this pattern, the Rope Comes Through the Anchor’s Top Ring on the right hand-side (This is an usual design). The rope goes under a straight decorative lined stock, and then under the shaft 2x, then under the right fluke, and fish hooks below the pointed crown, and then curls up just under the left fluke pointing toward the shaft. The pattern is impressed into a plain flat round planchet with no raised edge border.
Reverse Button Analysis: This is a one-piece button with a loop shank in a recessed well. The shank is original, straight, and intact. TREBLE GILT STANDARD. COLOUR rm. within a recessed well.

The RJ Silverstein Collection.

1787 ROYAL NAVY FLAG OFFICER’S BUTTON or EARLIER? 

Color: A Ghostly Brown with Gold in the Pattern.
Metal: Flat, 1-Piece, Impressed Design, Gilt Brass.
Size: 20mm. Coat Size
Variation: Upright Anchor with a Skinny Shaft and Roundish Crown / Slanted Stock / Two Sets of Vertical Triple Lines / Foliated Wreath.
Present Condition: An Excavated Example, Strong Planchet Casting, Strong Impressions.
Robert’s Comments: This is a tough button for me to identify. Has the trade marks of an earlier Rev War Era Button, but the added Wreath is attributed to the later Royal Navy Flag Officers.. ie Admiral’s button of 1787. Another interesting fact is that this was dug by a local treasure hunter on the North Shore of Massachusetts. Meaning this very well could have been used by an American Officer, or lost by a British officer in 1812? At this point all speculation. I have a feeling tail end of Rev War. The button’s pattern depicts a large Upright Anchor with a Skinny Shaft and Roundish Crown. The pattern shows a cable coming off the anchors top ring on the right hand side. The cable goes under a Slanted Stock, and then under and over the shaft, and then under the right fluke, and then dangles below the crown. The slanted stock has Two Sets of Vertical Triple Lines, and the shaft horizontal parallel lines, and crown have vertical parallel lines. has Circling the button’s edge is a Foliated Wreath. The pattern is impressed into a plain flat round planchet with no raised edge border.
Reverse Button Analysis: This is a one-piece button with an Alpha shank. The shank is original, straight, and intact. No back mark.

 

1790-1820’s BRITISH MARINES

Color: A Grass Green over A Light Brown.
Metal: Flat,1-Piece, Impressed Design, Double Gilt Brass.
Size: 20mm. Coat Size
Variation:  Upright Fouled Anchor with A Barbed Crown / Relaxed Top Ring / Slanted Stock / Roped Decorative Edge.
Present Condition: An Excavated Example, Strong Planchet Casting, Strong Impressions.
Robert’s Comments:  This is a little more scarce variant found for Royal Marines. The button’s pattern depicts an Upright Fouled Anchor with A Barbed Crown. The rope comes off the anchor’s Relaxed Top Ring on the right hand-side. The rope goes over the Slanted Stock, then under the shaft, and then over the left fluke, and then fish hooks around the crown. What makes this an unusual die variant is that the Anchor has an impressed outline leaving the center with a raised pattern. The pattern is impressed into a plain flat round planchet with a Roped Decorative Edgeborder.
Reverse Button Analysis: This is a flat one-piece button with a loop shank. DBL GILT BRASS rm.

Dug in South Carolina, The Low Country.
The Bill Cross Collection.

1790-1820’s BRITISH MARINES

Color: A White Speckled With A Charcoal Base.
Metal: Flat,1-Piece, Impressed Design, Double Gilt Brass.
Size: 22.75mm. Coat Size
Variation:  Upright Fouled Anchor with A Barbed Crown / Slanted Stock / Multi-Directional Lines / Roped Decorative Edge.
Present Condition: An Excavated Example, Strong Planchet Casting, Strong Impressions.
Robert’s Comments:  This is another die variant used by the British’s Royal Marines. The button’s pattern depicts an Upright Fouled Anchor with A Barbed Crown. The rope comes off the anchor’s top ring on the left hand-side. The rope goes under a Slanted Stock with Four Lines and aDot, then under a Lined Shaft 3x, and then hangs under the right side of the crown. The stock has four diagonal lines and a dot. The shaft has vertical lines, and the crown & flukes have Multi-Directional Lines decorated within. The pattern is impressed into a plain flat round planchet that has a Roped Decorative Edge border.
Reverse Button Analysis: This is a flat one-piece button with a boss and loop shank. NUTTING & SONS. /COVENT.CARDEN./KING’S.St

Dug Around Lake Erie.
The RJ. Silverstein Collection

 

 

1790-1820’s BRITISH MARINES

Color: A Golden Brown.
Metal: Flat,1-Piece, Impressed Design, Double Gilt Brass.
Size: 22.62mm. Coat Size
Variation:  Upright Fouled Anchor with A Barbed Crown / Slanted Stock / Multi-Directional Lines / Roped Decorative Edge.
Present Condition: An Excavated Example, Strong Planchet Casting, Strong Impressions.
Robert’s Comments:  This is most likely a water find. This is the same pattern as above, just a little clearer. The button’s pattern depicts anUpright Fouled Anchor with A Barbed Crown. The rope comes off the anchor’s top ring on the left hand-side. The rope goes under a Slanted Stock with Four Lines and a Dot, then under a Lined Shaft 3x, and then hangs under the right side of the crown. The stock has four diagonal lines and a dot. The shaft has vertical lines, and the crown & flukes have Multi-Directional Lines decorated within. The pattern is impressed into a plain flat round planchet that has a Roped Decorative Edge border.
Reverse Button Analysis: This is a flat one-piece button with a boss and loop shank. NUTTING & SONS. / COVENT.CARDEN./KING’S.St

Dug Around Lake Ontario.
The RJ. Silverstein Collection

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

~ Early Royal Navy & Continental Navy Cuff Buttons ~

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1774-87 ROYAL NAVY CAPTAIN AND COMMANDER’S CUFF BUTTON

Color: A Golden Brown.
Metal: Flat, 1-Piece, Stamped Design, Brass.
Size: 14mm. Cuff / Vest size
Variation: Upright Anchor with a Relaxed Top Ring / Five Raised knobs.
Present Condition: A Non Excavated Example, Exceptional Planchet Casting, Exceptional Impressions.
Robert’s Comments: This appears to be several die variants known for this cuff. The button’s pattern depicts a crude style Upright Anchor with a V-Shaped Crown. The anchor depicts a Relaxed Top Ring without an attached cable.  The anchor’s straight stock depicts Five Raised knobs. There is no cable in this crude pattern. The pattern is stamped into a plain flat round planchet with no raised edge border. Popular button for Rev War Collectors.
Reverse Button Analysis: This is a one-piece button with a loop shank. The shank is original, straight, and intact. No back mark.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1774-87 ROYAL NAVY CAPTAIN AND COMMANDERS CUFF BUTTON

Color: A Dark Brown with Florescent Green Encrustations.
Metal: Flat, 1-Piece Stamped Design, Brass.
Size: 13.54mm. Cuff / Vest Size
Variation: Upright Anchor with a Relaxed Top Ring / Five Raised knobs.
Present Condition: An Excavated Example, Good Planchet Casting, Strong Impressions.
Robert’s Comments: This appears to be several die variants known for this cuff. The button’s pattern depicts a crude style Upright Anchor with a V-Shaped Crown. The anchor depicts a Relaxed Top Ring without an attached cable.  The anchor’s straight stock depicts Five Raised knobs. There is no cable in this crude pattern. The pattern is stamped into a plain flat round planchet with no raised edge border. Popular button for Rev War Navy button collectors. This button is usually available in good condition.
Reverse Button Analysis: This is a one-piece button with a loop shank. The shank is original, straight, and intact. No back mark.

This was Excavated in Water at Fort Erie.~
The RJ Silverstein Collection.

 

1774-87 ROYAL NAVY CAPTAIN AND COMMANDERS OVAL CUFF BUTTON

Color: A Brown Bess.
Metal: Oval, Flat, 1-Piece, Stamped Design, Brass.
Size: 14.58mm x 11.58mm. (Oval)  Cuff Size
Troiani: Similar to BNC.q. Unlisted Variant Shape
Variation: Fouled Anchor Stamped in the Center / Chain Coming off the Anchor’s Top Ring / Curved Stock /
Present Condition: A Non Excavated Example, Strong Planchet Casting, Strong Impressions.
Robert’s Comments: This is another variation of the fouled anchor pattern that was used by either the Royal Navy officers or Continental Navy Officers. Some undocumented research said this pattern was used by U.S. Navy Seaman. This button’s pattern depicts a Fouled Anchor Stamped in the Center. There is a Chain Coming off the Anchor’s Top Ring on the left hand-side. The chain goes under the whole Curved Stock with rounded ends, and then under the shaft 2x, and then falls below the left fluke. The pattern is impressed into a plain flat oval planchet with no raised edge border.
Reverse Button Analysis: This is a one-piece button with a loop shank. The shank is original, straight, and intact. No back mark.

The RJ Silverstein Collection.

 

1770-90 ROYAL NAVY CAPTAIN AND COMMANDERS CUFF BUTTON

Color: A Coppery Brown Shade.
Metal: Flat, Oval, 1-Piece Stamped Design, Gilt Brass.
Size: 16mm x?. Cuff Size
Variation: Upright Fouled Anchor with a Barbed Crown / Short Cable / Disappears Under the Shaft / Squiggly Line Decorative Border.
Present Condition: An Excavated Example, Good Planchet Casting, Good Impressions.
Robert’s Comments: This shape button is a bit more scarce then the usual round cuff examples. The button’s pattern depicts an Upright Fouled Anchor with a Barbed Crown. There is a Short Cable that comes off the anchor’s top ring on the right hand-side. The cable goes under a straight stock, and then Disappears Under the Shaft. The impressed pattern is set on a plain flat field with a Squiggly Line Decorative Border.
Reverse Button Analysis: This is a one-piece button with a loop shank. The shank is original, straight, and intact. No back mark.

The Bill Cross Collection.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
1774-87 BRITISH MARINES OFFICER’S CUFF BUTTON

Color: A Coppery Brown.
Metal: Flat, 1-Piece, Impressed Design, Gilded Copper.
Size: 17mm. Cuff Size
Variation: Fouled Upright Anchor with a V-Shaped Crown / Thick Cable / Straight Lined Stock / Hexagonal Shape / Decorative Rope Edge.
Present Condition: An Excavated Example, Good Planchet Casting, Good Impressions.
Robert’s Comments: This is another variation of a fouled anchor and cable pattern that happen to be dug right here in the northeastern United States. We previously demonstrated that the Hexagonal shape was first seen with the Tudor Rose pattern. The button’s decorative edge makes me think this pattern was made for the Marines instead of the Navy. The button’s pattern depicts a Fouled Upright Anchor with a V-Shaped Crown.There is a Thick Cable that comes off the anchor’s top ring on the left hand side. The cable goes under a Straight Lined Stock, then goes over and under the shaft, and then under the left fluke, and then dangles below the crown. The button has a Hexagonal Shape with a Decorative Rope Edge. The pattern is impressed into the planchet.
Reverse Button Analysis: This is a One-Piece Casting for the Reverse Shank. The shank is original, straight and intact. The surface appears course, and has a granular texture.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
1770-1820 HER MAJESTY’S COAST GUARD

Color: A Coppery Brown with Beige and Orange Specs.
Metal: Flat, 1-Piece, Raised Design, Copper.
Size: 18.61mm.  Cuff Size
Variation: Small Upright Anchor / Royal Garter / Surmounted by a Crown /
Present Condition: An Excavated Example, Strong Planchet Casting, Strong High Relief.
Robert’s Comments: I found this button very difficult to accurately date. Several English Royal Navy Button web sites conflict with the original issue date and use. Historically speaking, most Crowns were not added to the Royal Navy’s buttons until the official regulation of 1812; but this is Her Majesty’s Coast Guard, which at the time was under a completely different jurisdiction then the Royal Navy Department. After some more historical research, I found out that Her Majesty’s Coast Guard O/Rs aided the Royal Navy in a “non official capacity” during the American Revolution. In what capacity, one could only theorize. If this button’s crown pattern holds to the 1770’s issue date, this would be the earliest use of a Crown motif adapted by any kind of Navy Button prior to the official regulation of 1812. This button is one of the better preserved specimens a collector could find. Most examples are in deteriorated condition. The button’s pattern depicts a Small Upright Anchor in the center of a Royal Garter which is Surmounted by a Crown. Within the band of the garter the military designation, “COAST” on the left, and “GUARD” on the right side. In the top of the band is the bottom of a large Crown, and in the bottom of the band is a Buckle The high relief pattern is set on a lined field with a small beveled edge border. Being that the pattern is raised instead of impressed, I would attribute this button to after 1787.
Reverse Button Analysis: This is a one-piece button with a loop shank. The shank is original, and intact, but bent over.

Excavated on the coast of Florida.~
The RJ Silverstein Collection.

 

 

 

 

 

Royal Navy’s Captain & Commander’s Buttons 1787-1800’s
 

1787-1795 Royal Navy Captain & Commander’s Gilt Buttons

In 1787, the Royal Navy changed their regulations from a flat Gilt button with an impressed anchor pattern to a stylish raised anchor motif within a recessed oval. The former Captain’s pattern of 1774, was then adopted in 1787, for midshipmen. As for Warrant Officers, they weren’t ordered to wear uniforms prior 1787, so they didn’t have an official button style change prior to then. The common sailor or seaman was not issued a standard uniform with regulation buttons, but most crews was provided with a blue jacket that was trimmed with metal, cloth covered, pressed horn, or leather buttons. The term Bluejacket was actually used as a common metaphor to describe British sailors. Sometimes at a Captain’s whim, the buttons would have a pressed anchor motif on them, but this was usually rare. Another important fact worth mentioning is that anchor buttons used by the Royal Navy weren’t exclusive, they were used by merchant seaman as well.

1795-1807 ROYAL NAVY FLAG OFFICER  ADMIRAL’S BUTTON

Color: A Golden Orangey-Brown.
Metal: Flat, 1-Piece, Raised Design, Gilt Brass.
Size: 25mm. Coat Size
Variation: Fouled Anchor with a Slanted Stock / Barbed Crown / Round Inner Ring Picture Frame Border /Decorative Wreath.
Present Condition: An Excavated Example, Strong Planchet Casting, Strong High Relief.
Robert’s Comments: There are three die variants known for this button. There could possibly be more, but most likely a limited issue with few made. The differences are noted in the size of the inner ring and the depiction of the wreath and anchor. The buttons pattern depicts a Fouled Anchor with a Slanted Stock and a Barbed Crown. The stock has four diagonal cut lines, and the cable and left fluke has several cut lines. Coming off the anchor’s top ring on the left hand side is a cable. The cable then goes under the slanted stock, shaft and left fluke. The cable then dangles just below the crown pointing toward the barb. The anchor appears to be set on a lined field that is within a raised Round Inner Ring Picture Frame Border. In a semi-circle 3/4 of the way around the buttons edge is a Decorative Wreath. This wreath was used to distinguish the Flag Officer’s rank.
Reverse Button Analysis: This is a one-piece button with an alpha shank. The shank is original, straight, and intact. S. Firmin back mark.

*Robert’s Notes: RN Flag Officers with a Vertical Stock within a Wreath Dates to 1807-1812

The family that owns this buttons states that this came from the coat of Admiral Horatio Nelson during the battle of the Nile on August 1,1798. Even though they can offer no substantial proof or documentation, the S. Firmin back mark of 1771-80 corresponds to Nelsons early career with the Royal Navy. Nelson became a midshipman aboard the Raisonnable in March of 1771 and by 1779, Nelson was a Post Captain in command of the frigate Hinchinbroke.

 

 

 

 

1787-95 ROYAL NAVY CAPTAIN / COMMANDERS & LIEUTENANT’S SLANTED ANCHOR BUTTON

Color: A Brassy Brown with Gold Undertones.
Metal: Flat, 1-Piece, Raised Design, Gilt Brass.
Size: 29.86mm x 30mm.
Variation: Large Fouled Anchor / Barbed Crown / Stippled Field / Oval Picture Frame Border / Thin Decorative Rope Trim.
Present Condition: An Excavated Example, Good Planchet Casting, Strong High Relief Pattern.
Robert’s Comments: The Slanted Anchor pattern was officially adopted by the Captains & Commanders of the Royal Navy by 1787. There are a few noted anchor depiction variations by different manufacturers, but all are slanted set within a picture frame oval. This button’s pattern depicts aLarge Fouled Anchor with a Barbed Crown. There is a cable coming off the anchor’s top ring on the left hand-side. The cable goes under a slanted stock,  and then under and over the shaft. The cable then goes under the left fluke, and ends in a small fish hook underneath pointing toward the crown. The high relief pattern is set on a Stippled Field that is set within an Oval Picture Frame Border. There is a Thin Decorative Rope Trim on the inside and outside edge of the oval picture frame border. The high relief pattern is set on a Stippled field, with a large flatslanted oval border that has a thin roped edge. When this pattern was issued, the Lieutenants would start to use the same pattern as the captains.
Reverse Button Analysis: This is a one-piece button with a loop shank. The shank is original, straight and intact. No back mark.

Excavated on land at Fort Erie.~
The RJ Silverstein Collection.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1795-1812 ROYAL NAVY CAPTAIN & COMMANDER’S VERTICAL UPRIGHT BUTTON

Color: A Golden Brown Mix.
Metal: Flat, 1-Piece, Raised Design, Gilded Brass.
Size: 22.99mm x 23.04mm.
Variation: Large Fouled Upright Anchor / Barbed Crown / Lined Field / Oval Picture Frame Border / Thin Decorative Rope.
Present Condition: An Excavated Example, Good Planchet Casting, Strong High Relief Pattern.
Robert’s Comments: This Vertical Upright Anchor pattern quickly replaced the Slanted Anchor pattern in 1795. We know a number of different manufacturers made this pattern with sight variations in the depiction of the anchor. The old pattern was probably still used for a short time on their existing uniforms, but this new pattern would have been on their new uniforms. The button’s pattern depicts a Large Fouled Upright Anchorwith a Barbed Crown. There is a cable coming off the anchor’s top ring on the left hand-side. The cable goes over a slightly slanted stock and under the shaft 2x; then goes under the left fluke and ends in a small fish hook underneath the the crown. The anchor has crude cut lines in the stock, cable and left fluke. The shaft has long vertical lines. The high relief pattern is set on a Lined Field that is set within an Oval Picture Frame Border. There is a Thin Decorative Rope Trim on the inside and outside edge of the oval picture frame border.
Reverse Button Analysis: This is a one-piece button with a loop shank. The shank is original, straight and intact. STANDARD. COLOUR*TREBLE.  GILT

Excavated on Land around Fort Erie.~
The RJ Silverstein Collection.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1805-1812 ROYAL NAVY SURGEON

Color: A Yellow Gold Over Charcoal.
Metal: Flat, 1-Piece, Raised Design, Gilt Brass.
Size: 21.89mm. Coat Size
Variation: Rayed Field Behind Anchor.
Albert’s: BNH 6
Tice: Back mark PG 154
Variation:  Large Slightly Barbed Anchor with a Relaxed Top Ring / Rayed Field / Oval Picture Frame Border / Thin Decorative Rope Trim.
Present Condition: An Excavated Example, Good Planchet Casting, Strong High Relief Pattern.
Robert’s Comments: After this issue, all Physicians and Surgeons will use the same style pattern as Captains and Commanders. This stylish rayed pattern was made by a number of different manufacturers for about 25 years. There are a few different die variants known with subtle differences in anchors styles. Albert’s lists this on page 90 as a Commissioned Officers pattern from 1787 to 1795. Tice’s back mark book lists this as 1790 to 1820 on page 154. Three English Navy Button sites lists this as 1805-12 Royal Navy Surgeon’s button, or an early 1790’s Captain’s button. The button’s pattern depicts a Large Slightly Barbed Anchor with a Relaxed Top Ring. The anchor is depicted on a Rayed Field that is set within an Oval Picture Frame Border. There is a Thin Decorative Rope Trim on the inside and outside edge of the picture frame border.
Reverse Button Analysis: This is a flat one-piece button with a loop shank. The shank is original, straight and intact. TURNER & DICKINSON HAMMOND . rmdc (HamondTurnerDickenson01)

The RJ Silverstein Collection.

1805-1812 ROYAL NAVY SURGEON

Color: A Golden Azure.
Metal: Slightly Convex, 1-Piece, Raised Design, Gilt Brass.
Size: 23mm. Coat Size
Variation:  A Barbed Anchor / Rayed Field / Thin Decorative Rope Trim / Anchor’s Shaft goes Halfway Through the Top Ring.
Present Condition: An Excavated Example, Strong Planchet Casting, Strong High Relief Pattern.
Robert’s Comments: This stylish rayed pattern was made by a number manufacturers for about 25 years. There are a few die variants known that that show a slight difference in anchor styles. This button’s pattern depicts A Barbed Anchor with a Upright Top Ring.  In this variant, theAnchor’s Shaft goes Halfway Through the Top Ring. The anchor is depicted on a Rayed Field that is set within an oval picture frame border. There is a Thin Decorative Rope Trim on the inside and outside edge of the picture frame border.
Reverse Button Analysis: This is a concave one-piece button with a loop shank. The shank is original, straight and intact.

A Water Find near Kingston, Ontario

1795-1805 CAPTAINS & COMMANDERS CUFF?
1805-1812 ROYAL NAVY SURGEON

Color: A Golden Brown Mix.
Metal: Flat, 1-Piece, Raised Design, Gilt Brass.
Size: 17mm. Cuff Size
Variation:  Large Slightly Barbed Anchor with a Relaxed Top Ring / Rayed Field / Oval Picture Frame Border / Thin Decorative Rope Trim.
Present Condition: An Excavated Example, Strong Planchet Casting, Strong High Relief Pattern.
Robert’s Comments: This stylish rayed pattern was made by a number manufacturers for about 25 years. There are a few die variants known that that show a slight difference in anchor styles. This button’s pattern depicts A Barbed Anchor with a Upright Top Ring. The anchor is depicted on a Rayed Field that is set within an Oval Picture Frame Border. There is a Thin Decorative Rope Trim on the inside and outside edge of the picture frame border.
Reverse Button Analysis: This is a one-piece button with a loop shank. The shank is original, straight and intact. TREBLE GILT.

A Water Find near Kingston, Ontario

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
1805-07 ROYAL NAVY MASTER’S CABLE PATTERN BUTTON

Color: A Two Tone Shoe Polish Brown.
Metal: Flat, 1-Piece, Raised Design, Gilt Brass.
Size: 21.64mm.
Variation: Large Upright Fouled Anchor / Barbed Crown / Cable Dangling / Small Upright Anchor / Lined Field / Oval Picture Frame Border
Present Condition: An Excavated Example, Good Planchet Casting, Good/Strong High Relief Pattern.
Robert’s Comments: This is a Royal Navy Masters button that was briefly used from 1805-07. This short lived button only had two die variants I know of. The button’s pattern depicts a Large Upright Fouled Anchor with a Barbed Crown. In this pattern, there is a Cable Dangling off the Center anchor’s top ring on the left hand-side. This goes under a horizontal stock and then wraps under the shaft 2x. The cable then goes under the left fluke, and ends in a fish hook under the crown’s barb. Flanking each side of the center anchor is a Small Upright Anchor. The anchor is depicted on a Lined Field that is set within an Oval Picture Frame Border. There is a Thin Decorative Rope Trim on the inside and outside edge of the picture frame border.
Reverse Button Analysis: This is a one-piece button with a loop shank. The shank is unfortunately missing. TURNER & DICKINSON HAMMOND . rmdc

Excavated in the Water at Fort Erie.~
The RJ Silverstein Collection.

Collectors should note, this pattern was replaced with a new pattern which “did not have a Cable coming off the center anchor’s top ring.” The 1807-25 pattern was used by the Master, Assistant Master and also the Royal Navy Vol. GR from 1824-25.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1807-25 ROYAL NAVY MASTER’S & ASSIST. MASTERS BUTTON

Color: A Two Tone Shoe Polish Brown.
Metal: Flat, 1-Piece, Raised Design, Gilt Brass.
Size: 22.64mm.
Variation: Large Skinny Shaft Upright Anchor / Barbed Crown / Small Upright Anchor / Lined Field / Oval Picture Frame Border
Present Condition: An Excavated Example, Good Planchet Casting, Strong High Relief Pattern.
Robert’s Comments: This pattern quickly replaced the original Master’s button, and was adopted by the Assistant Master, and RN Vol. GR as well. We also know there were a few die variants made by several manufacturers. Most patterns only differentiated by the depiction of the anchors. The button’s pattern depicts a Large Skinny Shaft Upright Anchor with a Barbed Crown. Flanking each side of the center anchor is aSmall Upright Anchor. All three anchors depict horizontal stocks. Only the large center anchor has a lined fluke on the left. The anchor is depicted on a Lined Field that is set within an Oval Picture Frame Border. There is a Thin Decorative Rope Trim on the inside and outside edge of the picture frame border.
Reverse Button Analysis: This is a one-piece button with a loop shank. The shank is original, straight, and intact. TURNER & DICKINSON Crown Motif.

The RJ Silverstein Collection.

1807-12 ROYAL NAVY PURSER’S BUTTON

Color: A Gilded Coppery Brown.
Metal: Flat, 1-Piece, Raised Design, Gilt Copper.
Size: 23mm.
Present Condition: An Excavated Example, Strong Planchet Casting, Strong High Relief Pattern.
Variation: Two Slanted Fouled Anchors / Cross in the Center / Cable / Raised Round Picture Frame Edge Border.
Robert’s Comments: This is one of the harder patterns to find in good condition. This button’s pattern depicts Two Slanted Fouled Anchors thatCross in the Center. Both anchors depict a Cable coming off the anchor’s top ring on the right hand-side. Each cable go around their anchor’s stock, and then under the shafts 2x. Both cables then dangle below their anchor’s left fluke. The high relief pattern is set on a lined field with aRaised Round Picture Frame Edge Border.
Reverse Button Analysis: This is a one-piece button with a loop shank. The shank is unfortunately bent, but is original and intact.

Found by Kingston, Ontario.~

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1807-12 ROYAL NAVY PURSER’S BUTTON

Color: A Rusty Brown.
Metal: Flat, 1-Piece, Raised Design, Gilt Copper.
Size: 22.05mm.
Rarity: R-5
Present Condition: An Excavated Example, Good Planchet Casting, Good High Relief Pattern.
Variation: Two Slanted Fouled Anchors / Cross in the Center / Cable / Raised Round Picture Frame Edge Border.
Robert’s Comments: This button’s pattern depicts Two Slanted Fouled Anchors that Cross in the Center. Both anchors depict a Cable coming off the anchor’s top ring on the right hand-side. Each cable go around their anchor’s stock, and then under the shafts 2x. Both cables then dangle below their anchor’s left fluke. The high relief pattern is set on a lined field with a Raised Round Picture Frame Edge Border.
Reverse Button Analysis: This is a one-piece button with a loop shank. The shank is unfortunately bent, but is original and intact.

Excavated in the Water at Fort Erie.~
The RJ Silverstein Collection.

This pattern was later replaced in 1812 with a variant that depicted a crown above the cross-hatch.
 

 

 

Continental Navy & French Marine Buttons
~ 1775-1815 ~

 

 

1775-90 Continental Navy or Marines Specimen

When the Continental Navy was first established in America, there was no official regulations the officers had to abide by for the buttons they chose to where on their uniforms. I would put it simply as, “Officer’s Choice“. In colonial times when they ordered their uniforms from the garment maker of clothier he chose the stylish buttons that would be placed on the uniforms. Since was was practically non-existent in America, high quality button choices for garments and uniforms would only be available from the long established British and French manufactures. Some of the early Continental Navy & Marine patterns were thought to be ordered from France. There is some historical documentation that in 1779, the Continental Navy did order both plain gilded, and gilded anchor motif buttons from France. Some of the crude patterns were known to be made by colonial artisans that were copied from French manufactured patterns. We attribute most of these specimens to be used by either the Continental Navy or Marines, as opposed to Rhode Island’s French troops and Marines. We also know in the early years it was common place for a Continental officer to use the same buttons on their dress, and undress clothing. In the U.S. reference it was used to characterize the sailors or Marines who were deployed ashore as an infantry unit. The unofficial reference must of stuck throughout the years because a bluejacket manual was officially put out by the United States Navy for it’s personnel.

Here is a little historical information:

The first official regulation of the Marine Committee in Philadelphia, on September 5, 1776 (Headed by John Hancock) prescribed for officers (Captains & Lieutenants uniforms): Blue Cloth.. flat yellow buttons…

Later in the Manuscript papers of John Paul Jones which is preserved in the Library of Congress, we find the following original paper, which is endorsed, “Uniform dress for the navy agreed to at Boston by the major party of the Captains, March 1777”

– Full Dress for Post Captains – Dark Blue Coats… yellow flat buttons, with the impression of the rattlesnake and motto, “Don’t Tread On Me” on each of them.

– Dress for Lieutenants – … instead of the rattlesnake, they wear buttons with the impression of an anchor.

  Albert’s NA 1 is an incorrect example of a Continental Navy Post Captain’s button, it shows a Georgia Chatham Artillery Button circa 1800’s. As of date, non of these Captain’s dress Rattlesnake Don’t Tread on me patterns have been recovered.~

 

1775-90 CONTINENTAL NAVY AND MARINES

Color: A Dark Pewter Grey.
Metal: 1-Piece, Slightly Convex, Raised Design, Cast Pewter.
Size: 24mm.
Troiani: Similar to ACNM.q. (Example Pictured in Book)
Variation: Upright Beveled Anchor with a barbed Crown / Raised Concentric Ring / Single Decorative Rope Edge Border.
Present Condition: An Excavated Example, Strong Planchet, Strong High Relief.
Robert’s Comments: We know at this time only commissioned officers wore uniforms in the Navy and Marines. We also know that most of the buttons used by the Navy were imported from France, or their style was copied. Many Navy and Marine buttons ascribed to the Continental Navy are thought to be actually Rhode Island Troops. There is no evidence that Anchor buttons can irrefutably be associated with Marines, but there is some descriptive historical mentioning’s. So for accuracy, I am going to say the button pictured above was used by either officers in the Continental Navy or Marines. The button’s pattern depicts an Upright Beveled Anchor with a Barbed Crown. Circling the anchor is a Raised Concentric Ring. Outside of the ring is a Single Decorative Rope Edge Border which has a beveled down edge. The high relief pattern is set on a plain slightly convex field with a beveled edge. Unfortunately, it is impossible to attach any kind of exact date to the manufacturing of this style pattern. We can only theorize it was made anytime from 1775-1790, or even a little earlier.
Reverse Button Analysis: This is a one-piece button with a boss and a loop shank. The loop shank is original, but has decayed through on the top middle portion. The boss portion is still strong. The surface appears corroded and had a coarse bumpy texture.

This was excavated in Massachusetts.~
The Dale Collection.

* Since there was no official regulation in the Continental Navy or Marines on which manufacturer’s pattern an officers had to use, this leaves us uncertain to patterns start or use dates. In the early years, an officer purchased and used what ever they wished.
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1775-1790’s CONTINENTAL NAVY or RHODE ISLAND TRAIN OF ARTILLERY OFFICERS BUTTON

Color: An Antiqued Brass.
Metal: 2-Piece, Raised Design, Thin Sheet Brass or Gilt Copper Repousse.
Size: 26.20mm. Coat Size
Albert’s Number: Similar to RI 2-A (Albert’s Un-pictured)
Tice’s Number: RI009 AM1
Present Condition: A Non Excavated Example, Exceptional Planchet casting, Exceptional High Relief Pattern.
Variation:  Large Upright Beveled Anchor / Stock is Straight / Rope Circling Around the Button’s Edge
Robert’s Comments:  By comparing similar examples, the pattern most likely dates back as early as the mid 1770’s. The only thing I know for sure it is French Design. Possibly first used by the French Colonial Officers, or by Officers in the Rhode Island Train of Artillery. The three important identifying earmarks of this button is the shape of the Crown, the Single Rope Border, and lastly the Bone Back Construction. The bone back gives us the evidence of it being an officer button, most probably a coat button due to the size. The pattern gives us a date of “around”the Revolutionary War. We do know that for sure similar styles with double rope borders were used by Continental officers, and Rhode Island troops. Fallou’s book shows this style was officially adapted by both the American & French Naval Officers but does not mention a beginning use date, just mentions it was definitely in use by 1790’s-1800. Tice notes in his book that this pattern was in use during colonial times in Rhode Island for the Train of Artillery in the County of Providence. He mentions the unit used this pattern when it went on to join the Continental Army in Boston. The button’s pattern depicts a Large Upright Beveled Anchor in the center. The Stock is Straight with four sets of double lines. The shaft is narrow at the stock and then gets increasingly wider toward the crown. Encircling the anchor is a thinly raised concentric ring. Just outside of the ring is a Rope Circling Around the Button’s Edge. The outside edge of the button is slightly beveled with a thin lip. The anchor’s top ring has a rope joining the circling rope.  The high relief pattern is set on a plain field with a beveled edge. This button was purchased as a coat and cuff from a family in Rhode Island who’s Great 3x Grandfather served in the Continental Navy. So this is an example of an American Officer choosing a French Manufactured button to where on his uniform.
Reverse Button Analysis: This is 2-Piece button with a Bone Back. This would have used cat gut cord for the attachment.

Family Heirloom Provenance Rhode Island.
The RJ Silverstein Collection.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1775-1790’s CONTINENTAL NAVY or RHODE ISLAND TRAIN OF ARTILLERY OFFICERS CUFF

Color: A Marbled Spec Brass Yellow.
Metal: 2-Piece, Raised Design, Thin Sheet Brass or Gilt Copper Repousse.
Size: 18.25mm. Vest / Cuff Size
Albert’s Number: Similar to RI 2-Av
Tice’s Number: RI009 AM1
Present Condition: A Non Excavated Example, Exceptional Planchet casting, Exceptional High Relief Pattern.
Variation:  Large Upright Beveled Anchor / Stock is Straight / Rope Circling Around the Button’s Edge
Robert’s Comments:  By comparing similar examples, the pattern most likely dates back as early as the mid 1770’s. The only thing I know for sure it is French Design. Possibly first used by the French Colonial Officers, or by Officers in the Rhode Island Train of Artillery. The three important identifying earmarks of this button is the shape of the Crown, the Single Rope Border, and lastly the Bone Back Construction. The bone back gives us the evidence of it being an officer button, most probably a coat button due to the size. The pattern gives us a date of “around”the Revolutionary War. We do know that for sure similar styles with double rope borders were used by Continental officers, and Rhode Island troops. Fallou’s book shows this style was officially adapted by both the American & French Naval Officers but does not mention a beginning use date, just mentions it was definitely in use by 1790’s-1800. Tice notes in his book that this pattern was in use during colonial times in Rhode Island for the Train of Artillery in the County of Providence. He mentions the unit used this pattern when it went on to join the Continental Army in Boston. The button’s pattern depicts a Large Upright Beveled Anchor in the center. The Stock is Straight with four sets of double lines. The shaft is narrow at the stock and then gets increasingly wider toward the crown. Encircling the anchor is a thinly raised concentric ring. Just outside of the ring is a Rope Circling Around the Button’s Edge. The outside edge of the button is slightly beveled with a thin lip. The anchor’s top ring has a rope joining the circling rope.  The high relief pattern is set on a plain field with a beveled edge. This button was purchased as a coat and cuff from a family in Rhode Island who’s Great 3x Grandfather served in the Continental Navy. So this is an example of an American Officer choosing a French Manufactured button to where on his uniform.
Reverse Button Analysis: This is 2-Piece button with a Bone Back. This would have used cat gut cord for the attachment.

Family Heirloom Provenance Rhode Island.
The RJ Silverstein Collection.

1780’s to 1800’s FRENCH OR AMERICAN OFFICER’S COAT BUTTON

Color: Blackened Fish.
Metal: Flat, 1-Piece, Raised Design, White Metal?
Size: 27.66mm. Coat Size
Variation: Large Upright Anchor with a Rounded Crown / Double Rope Decorative Border / Through the Anchor’s Top Ring / Rope Bridge.
Present Condition: An Excavated Example, Strong Planchet Casting, Strong High Relief.
Robert’s Comments: This button’s pattern shows a French design, and was most likely manufactured after the American Revolution somewhere between 1780-1820. We do know this exact pattern with a rounded crown was manufactured in a Gilt Repousse button with bone/wood back as early as the late 1770’s.  The button’s pattern depicts a Large Upright Anchor with a Rounded Crown. Circling the anchor is a Double Rope Decorative Border. The inner rope border is Through the Anchor’s Top Ring. On the compass East / West sides there is a Rope Bridge between the inner and outer rope borders. The high relief pattern is set on a plain flat field.
Reverse Button Analysis: This is a Bird Cage style shank. The shank is original and intact.

This was excavated in Upstate New York.~ Unconfirmed
The RJ Silverstein Collection.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1770’s to 1800’s FRENCH COLONIAL TROOPS & MARINES

Color: A Coppery Brown with Algae Green.
Metal: Flat, 1-Piece, Raised Design, Brass or Copper.
Size: 17mm. Cuff Size
Variation: Upright Anchor with a Slightly Barbed Crown / Double Rope Decorative Border / Through the Anchor’s Top Ring /
Present Condition: An Excavated Example, Strong Planchet Casting, Strong High Relief.
Robert’s Comments: This is definitely a French design, but I am not 100% positive that this would have ever been used by colonial troops in America. Even though the anchor is correctly barbed, the stock should be slightly curved for Rev War Years 1775-83. If this button was made in America (using a French design), the pattern would have been impressed, and the shank would be of a totally different construction. I see some these buttons with the birds cage shanks are being mis-labeled and sold as American Navy or colonial troop buttons out of Rhode Island, so I am listing this button to illustrate the difference so people aren’t duped. The specimen would have been the small size enlisted man’s pattern, and most likely belongs to the late 18th Century. The button’s pattern depicts an Upright Anchor with a Slightly Barbed Crown. Circling the anchor is a Double Rope Decorative Border. The inner rope border is Through the Anchor’s Top Ring. On the compass N, E, S, and W there is a Rope Bridge between the inner and outer rope borders. The high relief pattern is set on a plain flat field.
Reverse Button Analysis: This is a Bird Cage style shank. The shank is original and intact.

This was excavated in Canada.~
The RJ Silverstein Collection.

Isabela’s Notes: All French Colonial Troops wore blue coats while serving in America. Infantry units used white metal buttons, and Artillery units used yellow metal buttons, but all buttons were stamped with an Anchor.~

We know from the mid-18th Century forward, this anchor pattern has become the standard when identifying the French Colonial Troops & Marines of Rhode Island. At the time, this was the Ministere de la Marine – the Department of the Navy-. The troupes de la Marine was a separate little army that originated out of the French Metropolitan Army.

 

1790’s AMERICAN LIBERTY TREE OF JUSTICE NAVY SEA COAT BUTTON

Color: A Rusted Metal with Patches of Gilt.
Metal: Flat, 1-Piece, Impressed Design, Gilt Brass.
Size: 24mm.  Sea Coat Size
Variation: Lady Liberty Resting on top of a Large Upright Anchor / Facing Left / Long Flowing Gown / Liberty Cap on Her Head.
Present Condition: An Excavated Example, Strong Planchet Casting. Strong Impressions.
Isabela’s Notes: I was able to date this rare Navy button from other published memorabilia that carries the same motif. The button’s manufacturing is still questionable though. I believe it is American made, but could be French. The button’s pattern depicts the Lady Liberty Resting on top of a Large Upright Anchor that is resting on the ground.  She is facing left, and her hand appears to be under her chin as if she was in compilation of an idea or thought. She is wearing a Long Flowing Gown with possibly a Liberty Cap/Crown on Her Head. The pattern is struck on a plain flat round planchet.
Reverse Button Analysis: This is a one piece casting for the reverse shank. The Shank is broken off.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1790’s AMERICAN LIBERTY TREE OF JUSTICE NAVY BUTTON

Color: A Chestnut Brown Patina.
Metal: Flat, 1-Piece, Impressed Design, Gilt Brass.
Size: 15mm.  Cuff Size
Variation: Lady Liberty Resting on top of a Large Upright Anchor / Facing Right / Long Flowing Gown / Liberty Cap on Her Head.
Present Condition: An Excavated Example, Strong Planchet Casting. Strong Impressions.
Isabela’s Notes: This is a rare Navy cuff button that most likely has it’s origins in Connecticut.  I was able to date this rare Navy button from other published memorabilia that carries the same motif. The button’s manufacturing is still questionable though. I believe it is American made, but could be French. The button’s pattern depicts the Lady Liberty Resting on top of a Large Upright Anchor that is resting on the ground.  She isFacing Right, and her hand appears to be under her chin as if she was in compilation of an idea or thought. She is wearing a Long Flowing Gownwith possibly a Liberty Cap/Crown on Her Head. The pattern is impressed in a plain flat oval planchet.
Reverse Button Analysis: This is a one piece casting for the reverse shank. The Shank is original, straight, and intact.

The Dale Collection.

 

 

Late 1788-1800 AMERICAN NAVY BUTTON

Color: A Sea Foam Green Patina.
Metal: Flat, 1-Piece, Impressed Design, Poss. Gilt Brass.
Size: 20mm. Coat Size
Variation: Modern Style Eagle / Upraised Wings / Small Upright Anchor Roundish Crown / Bundle of Five Arrows / Long Stem Olive Branch.
Present Condition: An Excavated Example, Excellent Planchet Casting. Strong Impressions.
Isabela’s Notes: This is a very unusual early 19th Century American Navy Button, or possibly just a custom made for a retired military officer. From the back mark it appears English made, but not 100% since it is an American design and made so crudely. Could this have been a Proto-Type? The button’s pattern depicts a Modern Style Eagle with Upraised Wings looking to the right. On the eagle’s chest is a Small Upright Anchor with A Roundish Crown. In the eagle’s left talon is a Bundle of Five Arrows. In the eagle’s right talon is a Long Stem Olive Branch  with Five Petals. Above the eagle’s head is a field of  Eleven Six-Pointed Stars. The impressed pattern is struck on a plain flat field.
Reverse Button Analysis: This is a One Piece Casting for the Reverse Shank. The Shank is original, straight, and intact.

Excavated in Maryland.~

 

 

 

 

1795-1803 French Marine Artillery

Color: A Rusty Orange-Brown.
Metal: Flat, 1-Piece, Raised Design, Brass.
Size: 24mm. Coat Size
Variation: Cross Cannons / Liberty Night Cap
Present Condition: An Excavated Example, Good/Strong Planchet, Strong High Relief Pattern.
Robert’s Comments: This button was excavated as a coat and cuff pair in the low country of South Carolina in 2009. This is a real mystery on how it would have ended up there. This is one of my favorite French Republic Marine buttons. The button’s pattern depicts a large fouled anchor with a pointed barb and skinny stylish flukes. There is a liberty night cap motif (Liberty Never Rests) rests on top of the anchor’s top ring. The anchor sites in the cross hatch of two crossed cannons. Encompassing the anchor is France’s new salutation, “Republique Francaise”, which is written in capital letters. The outside edge border has a circling rope pattern with a thin exterior flat edge lip. The high relief pattern is set on a plain flat field. This button’s pattern has wonderful symbolism for a fighting marine unit.
Reverse Button Analysis: This is flat one-piece button with a loop shank. The shank is broken off, but part of the boss remains.

Excavated By Bill Cross in South Carolina 2009.~
The Bill Cross Collection.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1795-1803 French Marine Artillery

Color: A Rusty Orange-Brown.
Metal: Flat, 1-Piece, Raised Design, Brass.
Size: 17mm. Cuff Size
Variation: Cross Cannons / Liberty Night Cap
Present Condition: An Excavated Example, Good/Strong Planchet, Strong High Relief Pattern.
Robert’s Comments: This button was excavated as a coat and cuff pair in the low country of South Carolina in 2009. This is a real mystery on how it would have ended up there. This pattern is one of my favorite French Republic Navy / Marine buttons. The button’s pattern is slightly different then the coats. It depicts a foul anchor with a straight stock, and pointed barb on the crown. There is a liberty night cap motif (Liberty Never Rests) rests on top of the anchor’s top ring. Encompassing the anchor is France’s new salutation, “Republique Francaise”, which is written in capital letters. The outside edge border has a circling rope pattern with a thin exterior flat edge lip. The high relief pattern is set on a plain flat field.
Reverse Button Analysis: This is flat one-piece button with a loop shank. The shank is intact, but crushed.

Dug By Bill Cross in South Carolina 2009.~
The Bill Cross Collection.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

~ Early 19th Century American Naval Buttons ~

 

 

1802-1810 Sixteen Star U.S. Navy

 

By the early 1800’s, America’s Navy was already sailing the around the world protecting it’s citizen’s interests for international commerce. Officer’s Copper Repousse buttons with Bone or Wood backs were being slowly replaced by a more durable brass button. These new flat brass one-piece constructed buttons were primarily used up until the early 1830’s, then a two-piece button started to debut. This new style button came with a change in construction, and offered a convex obverse, and a more detailed design using raised high relief patterns. This new construction prevailed throughout the manufacturing industry, and lasted into the 20th century. We do know of some early pioneering two-piece Navy buttons in the late 1820’s, but it wasn’t until the 1830’s to 1850’s when the pattern was widely accepted, and used throughout the Navy. As you will see in the specimens below, several different American and English manufacturers produced their own depiction for the eagle & star design; but most of these were short lived, and then replaced with the newest design.

Robert’s Notes: The term, “Fouled Anchor” is usually applied to the state the anchor is in or pictured. The term is usually used when the anchor is hooked on some impediment on the ground, or has it’s cable, rope, or chain wound around the stock or flukes.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1798 to 1810 US Navy Button

Color: An Ochre of Browns and Greens.
Metal: 1-Piece, Raised Design, Gilt Brass.
Size: 23mm.  Coat Size
Albert’s Number: NA 6-A: RV 35-50
Variation: Large Vertical Oval Shield / Large Thin Fouled Anchor / Lined Field / Stock is Straight / Crown is Barbed /13 Five-Pointed Stars
Present Condition: An Excavated Example, Fair Planchet Casting, Fair High Relief Pattern.
Isabela’s Notes: There are five known die variants for this pattern in the coat size, and one for the cuff size. All depict 13 five-pointed stars, but vary in the depiction of the eagle, anchor, and shield. This button’s pattern depicts a standing eagle with up-raised wings facing left. There is aLarge Vertical Oval Shield that has a Large Thin Fouled Anchor on a Lined Field. The anchor’s Stock is Straight and the Crown is Barbed. The cable comes off the anchor’s top ring on the left hand-side. The cable goes under the stock, and then loops over the shaft 2x, and then goes over the left fluke and ends in a fish hook below the crown. Circling around the eagle on the button’s edge is 13 Five-Pointed Stars. The high relief pattern is set on a plain flat field.
Reverse Button Analysis: This is a flat one-piece button with a loop shank. The shank is original, straight, and intact. CARIN & C / TREBLE GILT rm.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1798 to 1810 US Navy Button

Color: Rusty Brown With Hints of Green
Metal: Flat, 1-Piece, Raised Design, Brass.
Size: 15mm. Cuff Size
Albert’s Number: NA 6-Bv: Unlisted Size Variant     RV 35-50
Variation: Small Oval Vertical Shield / Shield’s Lined Field / Straight Stock / Barbed Crown / Large Top Ring / 13 Five-Pointed Stars.
Present Condition: An Excavated Example, Strong Planchet Casting, Strong High Relief Pattern.
Isabela’s Notes: This is the second known die variant for this pattern. The button’s pattern depicts an eagle with upraised wings standing on a mound facing left. Covering over the eagle’s right wing is a Small Oval Vertical Shield with a raised outline. Depicted on the Shield’s Lined Fieldis a Small Fouled Anchor with a Straight Stock and a slightly Barbed Crown. There is a cable coming off the anchor’s Large Top Ring on the left hand-side. The cable wraps under the anchor’s stock, and then goes under the shaft 2x, and then wraps under the crown in a fish hook. Circling around the eagle is 13 Five-Pointed Stars. The high relief pattern is set on a plain flat field with no raised edge border. Collector’s note at least four variations to the NA 6 series.
Reverse Button Analysis: This is a flat one-piece button with a loop shank. The shank is original, straight, and intact. No back mark, mold line present.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1798 to 1810 US Navy Button

Color: Rusty Orange.
Metal: 1-Piece, Raised Design, Gilt Brass.
Size: 22mm.  Coat Size
Albert’s Number: NA 6-C:  RV 35-50
Variation: Small Oval Vertical Shield / Shield’s Lined Field / Straight Thick Stock / Larger V-Shaped Crown / Large Top Ring / 13 Five-Pointed Stars
Present Condition: An Excavated Example, Fair Planchet Casting, Fair High Relief Pattern.
Isabela’s Notes: This early Navy button was made by English manufacturers for Naval Officers. This would be the third known die variant for this pattern. In this variation the anchor is depicted with a V-Shape Crown and the stock is slightly thicker. The button’s pattern depicts an eagle with upraised wings standing on a mound while facing left. Covering over the eagle’s right wing is a Small Oval Vertical Shield. Depicted on theShield’s Lined Field is a fouled anchor with a Straight Thick Stock and a Larger V-Shaped Crown. There is a cable coming off the anchor’s top ring on the left hand-side. The cable wraps under the anchor’s stock, and then goes under the shaft 2x, and then wraps under the crown in a fish hook. Circling around the eagle is 13 Five-Pointed Stars. The high relief pattern is set on a plain flat field with no raised edge border.
Reverse Button Analysis: This is a flat one-piece button with a loop shank. The boss is still present, but the shank is missing. TREBLE *GILT*

The Dale Collection.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1798 to 1810 US Navy Button

Color: Coppery Brown with Green Encrustations.
Metal: 1-Piece, Raised Design, Gilt Brass.
Size: 19.39mm.  Coat Size
Albert’s Number: NA 6-D:                     RV 50
Variation: Large Oval Shield/ Anchor’s Slanted Stock /13 Five-Pointed Stars
Present Condition: An Excavated Example, Good Planchet Casting, Good High Relief Pattern.
Isabela’s Notes: This is the fourth known pattern for this button. Early Naval button collectors who specialize usually favor this variant because it is the only one that depicts a slanted stock. Also, this is the only button in the series in which the rope doesn’t loop around the shaft twice. The button’s pattern depicts an eagle with upraised wings standing on a mound while facing left. Covering over the eagle’s right wing is a Vertical Oval Shield. Depicted on the Shield’s Lined Field is a fouled anchor with a Slanted Stock and a Rounded Crown. There is a cable coming off the anchor’s top ring on the left hand-side. The cable goes over the anchor’s stock, then under the shaft once, then goes over right fluke, and then ends touching the shield’s edge below the crown. Circling around the eagle is 13 Five-Pointed Stars. The high relief pattern is set on a plain flat field with no raised edge border. Un-dug specimens are un-herd of, and dug specimens are rarely offered.
Reverse Button Analysis: This is a flat one-piece button with a loop shank. The shank is crushed inward, and decayed.

The RJ Silverstein Collection.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1798 to 1810 US Navy Button

Color: Seaweed Green.
Metal: Flat, 1-Piece, Raised Design, Brass.
Size: 24.31mm. Coat Size
Albert’s Number: NA 7-A.1:             RV 50
Variation: Large Slanted Oval Shield / Thin Fouled Anchor / Anchor’s Slanted Stock / Thin Shaft /Slightly Barbed Crown / 13 Six-Point Stars
Present Condition: An Excavated Example, Good Planchet Casting, Good High Relief Pattern.
Isabela’s Notes: This is another rare collector’s favorite for early American Navy buttons that depicts 13 stars. This Pattern was made by Wishart in New York. Buttons could either have a blank back mark, or show Wishart N. York rm. The button’s pattern depicts an eagle standing on a mound facing left. Covering over the eagle’s right wing is a Large Slanted Oval Shield. Depicted on the shield is a Large Thin Fouled Anchorwith a Slightly Barbed Crown that is set on a lined field. There is a cable coming off the anchor’s top ring on the left hand-side. The cable wraps under the Anchor’s Slanted Stock, then over and under a Thin Shaft, and then hangs under the left fluke. Circling around the eagle is 13 Six-Point Stars. The high relief pattern is set on a plain flat field with no raised edge border. Collector’s should obtain any specimen that becomes available. Un dug examples and specimens with shanks are extremely rare.
Reverse Button Analysis: This is a flat one-piece button with a loop shank. The shank is original, straight, and intact. No back mark, mold line present.

1 of 3 Dug by Muddy Spider on Saint Simons Island, Georgia in 2009.
The RJ Silverstein Collection.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1802 to 1810 US Navy Button
Color: Dusty Brown.
Metal: 1-Piece, Slightly Convex, Raised Design, Pewter.
Size: 25mm.  Coat Size
Albert’s Number: Unlisted Variant – Similar to NA 8.1:  RV 35-50
Variation: Slanted Oval Shield/ 15 Five-Pointed Stars
Present Condition: An Excavated Example, Fair Planchet Casting, Fair High Relief Pattern.
Isabela’s Notes: This Navy button would be very similar to Albert’s NA 8, but has minor differences in the Anchor/Rope design. We know that by 1802, the Navy prescribed a radical change in the uniforms, and added two more stars, making it a 15 star arrangement. So that gives us the earliest date the button could have been used (previously ordered buttons only had 13 stars encircling the eagle). The button’s pattern depicts a standing eagle facing left, with a Slanted Oval Shield covering over it’s right wing. There is a small raised anchor design depicted on a plain field. There is a dangling rope coming off the anchor’s top ring on the right hand-side. The rope wraps under the Anchor’s stock, and then over and under the shaft, and then ends in a fish hook below the anchor’s crown. Encircling the eagle is 15 Five-Pointed Stars around the button’s edge. The whole pattern is in high relief on a plain slightly convex field with no edge border.
Reverse Button Analysis: This is a flat one-piece button with a loop shank. The shank is original, straight, and intact. No backmark.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1802 to 1810 US Navy Button
Color: Ocean Green.
Metal: 1-Piece, Raised Design, Brass.
Size: 19.93mm. Coat Size
Albert’s Number: NA 9             RV 40
Variation: Large Oval Shield / Large Raised Anchor Slanted Stock / 16 Six-Pointed Stars
Present Condition: An Excavated Example, Strong Planchet Casting, Exceptional High Relief Pattern.
Isabela’s Notes: This collector’s favorite would be another one of the earliest patterns ordered, and issued by the Navy. Most likely used before, and after the War of 1812. The button’s pattern depicts a standing eagle facing left, with a Large Oval Shield covering over it’s right wing. There is a Large Raised Anchor motif with a Slanted Stock on a lined field. There is a dangling rope coming off the anchor’s top shaft on the left hand-side. The rope wraps around the anchor’s stock repeatedly, and then ends in a fish hook below the anchor’s crown. Encircling the eagle is 16 Six-Pointed Stars on the button’s edge. Even thought this pattern probably wasn’t manufactured after 1810, it still was most likely used until a new replacement uniform was ordered with the newer style buttons.
Reverse Button Analysis: This is a flat one-piece button with a loop shank. The shank is original, straight, and intact. No backmark.
Excavated by J.B. at Fernadina, Beach Florida.~

The RJ Silverstein Collection.

1802-1808 South Carolina Navy

Color: A Chocolate Brown With Gold Pattern Highlights.
Metal: Flat, 1-Piece, Raised Design, Gilt Brass.
Size: 22.45mm. Coat Size
Albert’s: NA 10-B (Page 491) Isabela’s RV 200
Variation: Two Headed Spread Eagle / Upright Fouled Anchor / Semi Circle of 15 Six-Pointed Asterisk Type Stars
Present Condition: An Excavated Specimen, Strong Planchet, Strong Impressions.
Robert’s Comments: We know in the early years that South Carolina formed their own Navy to patrol the Charleston Harbor. This particular die variant with the two headed eagle could have been produced as early as the first variant (the pattern with the single headed eagle Albert’s NA 10-A’s) in 1802. The button’s pattern depicts a Two Headed Spread-Eagle above an Upright Fouled Anchor. On the eagle’s chest is a small federal type shield. In the eagle’s left talon is a small bundle of Three Arrows Pointing Upwards. In the right talon is a Small Laurel or Olive Branch. The anchor’s top ring has a rope or chain coming off the left hand-side, and then goes under a slanted stock, and then over and under the shaft, and then hangs over the right fluke. Surrounding the eagle’s is a Semi Circle of 15 Six-Pointed Asterisk Type Stars. Since this is a gilt brass button, I would resume it was intended for officers. I also don’t believe they were produced in any large quantities, most likely a very limited issue for a small Navy. To my knowledge, this is probably the Best Specimen known to exist. There is also a matching cuff button, but Ultra Rare with only 4 to5 known to exist.
Reverse Button Analysis: This is flat one-piece button with a loop shank. The shank is original, straight, and intact.

Dug Near Charleston, South Carolina.~
The RJ Silverstein Collection.

1802-1808 South Carolina Navy

Color: A Deep Brown With Green Speckles.
Metal: Flat, 1-Piece, Raised Design, Gilt Brass.
Size: 14.56mm. Cuff Size
Albert’s: NA 10-Bv (Page 491) Unlisted Size Variant       Isabela’s RV 250
Variation: Two Headed Spread Eagle / Upright Fouled Anchor / Semi Circle of 15 Six-Pointed Asterisk Type Stars
Present Condition: An Excavated Specimen, Good/Strong Planchet, Good Impression.
Robert’s Comments: We know in the early years that South Carolina formed their own Navy to patrol the Charleston Harbor. This particular die variant with the two headed eagle could have been produced as early as the first 1802; the same time frame as the pattern with the single headed eagle (Albert’s NA 10-A’s). The button’s pattern depicts a Two Headed Spread-Eagle above an Upright Fouled Anchor. On the eagle’s chest is a small federal type shield. In the eagle’s left talon is a small bundle of Three Arrows Pointing Upwards. In the right talon is a Small Laurel or Olive Branch. The anchor’s top ring has a rope or chain coming off the left hand-side, and then goes under a slanted stock, and then over and under the shaft, and then hangs over the right fluke. Surrounding the eagle’s is a Semi Circle of 15 Six-Pointed Asterisk Type Stars. Since this is a gilt brass button, my belief is that it was intended for officers. I also believe these would have been made in half the quantity of the coat issue, most likely a very limited issue. This cuff is Ultra Rare and I believe only 4 or 5 known specimens exist. Collectors should seek any specimen available. These cuff specimens should probably be in a Charleston, S.C. museum for prosperity.
Reverse Button Analysis: This is flat one-piece button with a loop shank. The shank is unfortunately missing.

Dug Near Charleston, South Carolina.~
The RJ Silverstein Collection.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1810 to 1830’s US Navy Button
Color: Tarnished Brown.
Metal: 1-Piece, Raised Design, Gilt Brass.
Size: 23mm.  Coat Size
Albert’s Number: Unlisted Variant / Appears to fall between NA 25-31:  RV ?
Variation: Large Oval Vertical Shield / 17 Six-Pointed Stars
Present Condition: An Excavated Example, Good Planchet Casting, Good High Relief Pattern.
Isabela’s Notes: This Navy button is an unknown/unlisted variant that was manufactured in Boston in the early 19th century. I believe this unusual pattern falls somewhere between Albert’s missing patterns NA 25-31. The button’s pattern depicts a standing eagle facing right. Under it’s left wing is a Large Oval Vertical Shield. There is a large raised anchor motif on the shield’s stippled field. There is a rope coming off the right hand-side of the anchor’s top ring, which goes over the stock, shaft and fluke, and ends in a fish hook under the anchor’s crown. Encompassing the eagle, there is 17 six-pointed stars. It is hard to tell from the poor quality photo, but the high relief pattern is most likely set on a lined field with a wide oval border and roped edge. Could be a transitional type specimen from eagle resting on a slanted anchor to standing eagle with shield under it’s wing.

Reverse Button Analysis: This is a one-piece button with a loop shank. This is a replaced shank, but is straight, and intact. ????? BOSTON rm.
The William Leigh Collection.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
1810 to 1830’s US Navy Button

Color: A Golden-Brown with Green Undertones.
Metal: Impressed, 1-Piece, Impressed Design, Cast Brass.
Size: 23mm.
Albert’s Number: Similar to NA 32 Series Unlisted Variant – : RV 50
Variation: Large Thick Raised Anchor / Unique Rope Border/ 16 Five-Pointed Stars
Present Condition: An Excavated Example, Good Planchet Casting, Strong Impressed Pattern.
Isabela’s Notes: This Navy button would be very similar to Albert’s NA 32 series, but minor differences in the number of stars and eagle’s pattern. Albert NA 32 gives examples of 14 & 15 stars, but none 16. So a specimen might not have been available, or dug during his time. The button’s pattern depicts an old style eagle standing with a “Goose Neck” facing left. There is a large oval shield over it’s right wing. Within is aLarge Thick Raised Anchor set on a lined field. There is a relaxed rope coming off the anchor’s top ring on the right hand-side. The rope wraps under the Anchor’s stock diagonally, and then under the lower shaft and right fluke and ends in a short fish hook below. As a decorative border, there is an inside Unique Rope Border that encompasses the large anchor. Encircling the eagle is 16 Five-Pointed Stars that go around the button’s edge. The impressed pattern is set on a plain flat field with no edge.
Reverse Button Analysis: This is a flat one-piece button with a loop shank. The shank is original, straight, and intact. No back mark.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1810 to 1830’s US Navy Officer’s Button

Color: Seaweed Green with Dusty Brown.
Metal: Slightly Convex, 1-Piece, Raised Design, Gilt Brass.
Size: 24.7mm.  Coat Size
Albert’s Number: NA 36-A:       RV 50
Variation: Federal Shield on Breast/ 16 Six-Pointed Asterisk Type Stars
Present Condition: An Excavated Example, Good Planchet Casting, Good High Relief Pattern.
Isabela’s Notes: This is an interesting series in which the eagle has a patriotic federal shield on it’s breast. Most likely an English manufactured button. The button’s pattern depicts a standing eagle facing right, with a Federal Shield on it’s Breast. There is another large oval shield that is slanted under the eagle’s left wing. On the shield there is a raised anchor motif on a lined field. There is a rope coming off the anchor’s top ring on the right hand-side, and goes under the stock, over the shaft, and then under the left fluke, and ends in a fish hook under the crown. There are 16 Six Pointed Asterisk Type Stars encircling the periphery. The high relief button is set on a plain slightly convex field with no distinguishable edge.

Reverse Button Analysis: This is a one-piece button with a loop shank. The shank is original and intact, but bent over. BEST DOUBLE *GILT*
Picture Courteous of Harry Ridgeway

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1810 to 1820’s US Navy Button

Color: Brown with Spots of Orange Oxidation.
Metal: 1-Piece, Slightly Convex Brass.
Size: 21mm.  Coat Size
Variation: 16 Six-Pointed Stars / Elongated Oval Shield
Albert’s Number: NA 38:            RV 40
Present Condition: An Excavated Example, Good Planchet Casting, Strong High Relief.
Isabela’s Notes: This Navy button’s pattern depicts a standing eagle facing right, with a federal shield on it’s breast. There is another Elongated Oval Shield under the eagle’s left wing with a large raised anchor pattern on a lined field. There is a rope or chain coming off the top ring of the anchor on the left hand side. Encompassing the eagle is 16 Raised Six-Pointed Stars encircling the periphery. George Armitage produced these buttons in the early 1800’s. The high relief button is set on a plain slightly convex field with no distinguishable edge. The Best Quality back mark on the reverse dates around 1810.
Reverse Button Analysis: This is a one-piece button with a loop shank. The original shank is broken off. ARMITAGE PHILADELPHIA/BEST QUALITY 2 rings

Excavated in Bergen County, NJ.~

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1810 to 1830’s US Navy Officer’s Button

Color: Tarnished Brass.
Metal: 1-Piece, Slightly Convex, Raised Design, Gilt Brass.
Size: 23mm.  Coat Size
Albert’s Number: NA 41 RV 15
Variation: Small Slanted Oval Shape Shield / Plain Anchor / 13 Five-Pointed Stars
Present Condition: An Excavated Example, Strong Planchet Casting, Strong High Relief Pattern.
Isabela’s Notes: This is another example of an early US Navy pattern. The button’s pattern depicts a standing eagle with upraised wings facing right. In this die variant there is a Small Slanted Oval Shape Shield, with the depiction of a Plain Anchor on a lined field. Encompassing the eagle is 13 Five-Pointed Stars around the button’s edge. The high relief button is set on a plain slightly convex field with no distinguishable edge.
Reverse Button Analysis: This is a slightly concave one-piece button with a loop shank. The shank is original, straight, and intact. THREE FEATHERS /WREATH / S rm.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1810 to 1830’s US Navy Officer’s Button
Color: Light Two Tone Brown.
Metal: Slightly Convex, 1-Piece, Raised Design, Gilt Brass.
Size: 22.94mm.  Coat Size
Albert’s Number: NA 44-A:  RV 15
Variation: Small Slanted Raised Shield/ 13 Six-Pointed Asterisk Type Stars / Outstretched Wing.
Present Condition: An Excavated Example, Strong Planchet Casting, Strong High Relief Pattern.
Isabela’s Notes: This style Navy button could have been manufactured as early as 1810, but the back mark on this particular specimen dates to the early 1820’s. Lewis & Tomes was an English maker who operated a partnership in America from 1819 through the 1830’s. There are three manufacturer die variants for this particular pattern. This variant depicts a standing eagle facing right, with a Small Slanted Raised Shield under it’s Outstretched Wing. There is a small raised foul anchor depicted on the shield’s stippled field. There is a rope coming off the right hand-side of the anchor’s top ring, which goes under the stock, then over and under the shaft, and ends below the anchor’s crown on the right hand side. Encompassing the eagle, there are 13 Six-Pointed Asterisk Type Stars that circle around the button’s edge. The high relief button is set on a plain slightly convex field with no distinguishable edge. Un-dug specimens for this pattern are extremely rare, collectors should seek dug ones with a clear image of the breast feathers.
Reverse Button Analysis: This is a one-piece button with a loop shank. The original shank is original, straight, and intact. No L & T FINE GILT in 2 dm ring.
Dug by J. Baldwin near Fort Conde, Mobile Alabama.~

The RJ Silverstein Collection.

Robert’s Notes: Edward Lewis was a London England Manufacturer, and formed a partnership with Francis Tomes who operated in New York City in 1819. Tomes then went on and operated under several various names and made a variety of military goods throughout the Civil War. 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1810-30 US Navy Button
Color: Gold with Sea Weed Green.
Metal: Slightly Convex, 1-Piece, Raised Design, Gilt Brass.
Size: 22.4mm.  Coat Size
Albert’s Number: NA 44-C:                RV 15
Variation: Vertical Shield / Close to the Body / 13 Six-Pointed Asterisk Type Stars
Present Condition: An Excavated Example, Strong Planchet Casting, Strong High Relief Pattern.
Isabela’s Notes: This is another die variant from an English manufacturer that was in business from 1818-25. This button’s pattern depicts a standing eagle facing right that has a more Vertical Oval Shield over it’s left wing. In this die variant, the eagle’s left wing is small and Close to the Body. There is a raised foul anchor motif on the shield’s stippled field. In this variant, the dangling rope comes of the anchor’s top ring on the right side, and then goes under the stock, then over the shaft, then under the fluke and ends in a fish hook tail halfway under the anchor’s crown. Encompassing the eagle, there is 13 Six-Pointed Asterisk Type Stars circling around the edge’s periphery. The high relief pattern is set on a plain slightly convex field with no distinguishable edge. Un-dug specimens are extremely rare, collectors should seek dug ones with a good portion of the breast feathers retained.
Reverse Button Analysis: This is a one-piece button with a loop shank. The original shank is original and intact, but slightly bent over. WISE BIELBY & Co No 4 *EXTRA FINE *
Dug in Boonsboro, Maryland.~
The Harry Ridgeway Collection. 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1802 to 1830’s US Navy Button
Color: A Golden Brown With Green Encrustations.
Metal: Slightly Convex, 1-Piece, Raised Design, Gilt Brass.
Size: 23.6mm.  Coat Size
Albert’s Number: NA 52         RV 50
Variation: Large Stippled Shield / Large Raised Anchor Motif / 15 Six-Point Asterisk Type Stars.
Present Condition: An Excavated Example, Strong Planchet Casting, Good/Strong High Relief Pattern.
Isabela’s Notes: This gilded brass Navy button was intended for officers, and produced by an English manufacturer. This is an unlisted die variant for Albert’s NA 54, but could as well be a variant for NA 57. The button’s pattern depicts a standing eagle facing right, with a Large Slightly Slanted Oval Shield under it’s left wing. Within the shield, there is a Large Raised Anchor Motif set on a stippled field. In this variant, the dangling rope comes of the anchor’s top ring on the right side, and then goes under the stock, then over the shaft, then under the fluke, and ends in a fish hook tail halfway under the anchor’s crown. Encompassing the eagle, there are 15 Six-Point Asterisk Type Stars encircling the eagle around the button’s edge. This high relief pattern is set on a plain convex field. The back mark indicates 1820’s manufacture (Treble 52).

Reverse Button Analysis: The is a one-piece button with a loop shank. The shank is original and intact, but slightly bent. TREBLE GILT. ORANGE within a 2 rm ribbons.
Dug in Shepherdstown, Virginia by Brian Irving.

Old Courthouse Museum.~

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1810 to 1830’s US Navy Button

Color: A Golden Brown
Metal: 1-Piece, Slightly Convex, Raised Design, Gilt Brass.
Size: 23.6mm. Coat Size
Albert’s Number: NA 52-Unlisted Back Mark Variant RV 50
Variation: Large Stippled Shield / Large Raised Anchor Motif / 15 Six-Point Asterisk Type Stars.
Present Condition: An Excavated Example, Good Planchet Casting, Good High Relief Pattern.
Isabela’s Notes: This is another die variant for NA 52 that shows a slightly more thicker fluke and crown. This most likely was intended for officers, and is also produced by an English manufacturer. The button’s pattern depicts a standing eagle facing right, with a Large Slightly Slanted Oval Shield over it’s left wing. Within the shield, there is a Large Raised Anchor Motif that is set on a stippled field. In this variant, the rope comes of the anchor’s top ring on the right side, and then goes under the stock, and then over the shaft, and then under the left fluke. The rope and ends in a fish hook halfway under the anchor’s crown. Circling around the eagle is 15 Six-Point Asterisk Type Stars. This high relief pattern is set on a slightly convex plain field. The back mark indicates 1820’s manufacture.
Reverse Button Analysis: The is a one-piece button with a loop shank. The shank is original and intact, but bent over. TREBLE GILT in a 2 ring rm channel.

2 of 3 Dug by Muddy Spider on Saint Simons Island, Georgia in late 2009.
The RJ Silverstein Collection. \

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1810 to 1830’s US Navy Button

Color: A Pale Yellow Brown
Metal: 1-Piece, Slightly Convex, Raised Design, Gilt Brass.
Size: 14.84mm.    Cuff Size
Albert’s Number: Similar to NA 52-Unlisted Size Variant           RV 100
Variation: Small Shield / Small Raised Anchor Motif / 15 Six-Point Asterisk Type Stars.
Present Condition: An Excavated Example, Good Planchet Casting, Good High Relief Pattern.
Isabela’s Notes: This is an unlisted size variant in Albert’s book. The pattern and star count match Albert’s NA slightly convex example. This cuff button was most likely intended for officers. The asterisk type stars points to English manufacture, but not 100% certain. The button’s pattern depicts a standing eagle facing right, with a Small Slightly Slanted Oval Shield over it’s left wing. Within the shield, there is a Small Raised Anchor Motif on a plain field. In this variant, the rope comes of the anchor’s top ring on the right side, and then goes under the stock, and then over the shaft, and then under the left fluke. The rope and ends in a fish hook under the anchor’s crown. Circling around the eagle is 15 Six-Point Asterisk Type Stars. This high relief pattern is set on a slightly convex plain field.
Reverse Button Analysis: The is a one-piece button with a loop shank. The shank is original, straight, and intact. No back mark.

3 of 3 Dug by Muddy Spider on Saint Simons Island, Georgia in late 2009.
The RJ Silverstein Collection.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1802 US Navy Button

Color: A Charcoal Silver.
Metal: Slightly Convex, 1-Piece, Raised Design, Silvered Copper.
Size: 23mm.  Coat Size
Variation: Slightly Slanted Oval Shield /  16 Asterisk Type Six-Pointed Stars.
Albert’s Number: NA 54-A:                            RV 25
Present Condition: An Excavated Example, Good Planchet Casting, Good High Relief Pattern.
Isabela’s Notes: This early Navy button was made by several manufacturers in England and the US. The button’s pattern depicts a standingGoose Neck Eagle facing right, with a Slightly Slanted Oval Shield under it’s left wing. There is a large fouled anchor motif on the shield that is set on a stippled field. There is a rope coming off the anchor’s top ring on the right hand-side. This wraps under the anchor’s stock, shaft and fluke, and then dangles in a long fishhook underneath the crown. Encircling the eagle is 16 Raised Six-Pointed Asterisk Type Stars around the periphery. The high relief pattern is set on a plain slightly convex field. Albert notes this button was produced in 1802, and most likely was used for 25 years.
Reverse Button Analysis: This is a flat one-piece button with a loop shank. The shank is original, straight, and intact. rm CARTER * /LOMARD STREET * set in a rm channel.
Dug in Connecticut in the 1990’s.
The Dale Collection.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1810 to 1830’s US Navy Button

Color: A Golden Brown.
Metal: 1-Piece, Slightly Convex, Raised Design, Gilt Brass.
Size: 23mm.  Coat Size
Albert’s Number: NA 57-A                             RV 25
Variation: Eagle Looking Skyward / Large Slanted Oval Shield  / Short Straight Stock / Round Crown / Lined Cable.
Present Condition: A Non Excavated Example, Exceptional Planchet Casting, Exceptional High Relief Pattern.
Isabela’s Notes: There are quite a few die variants known for this specific pattern that depicts 16 stars. Levenworth, Hayden and Scovill, actually produced this button between 1811 and 1820. The pattern differences are in the eagle’s feathers, neck length & shape, anchor size, and the cable design. This button’s pattern depicts an Eagle Looking More Skyward while standing on a cable. Under the eagle’s left wing is a Large Slanted Oval Shield that has a raised outline. Depicted on the shield is a Medium Size Fouled Anchor with a Short Straight Stock, and a Round Crown. Coming off the anchor’s top ring on the right hand-side is a Lined Cable. The cable goes over the stock, and then under the shaft and left fluke, and hangs in a fish hook racing right below the crown. Circling around the button’s edge is 16 Six-Pointed Stars. The high relief pattern is set on a plain slightly-convex field. Un-dug specimens being the true rarity.
Reverse Button Analysis: This is a slightly concave one-piece button with a loop shank. The shank is original, straight, and intact. L, H&S.W.Ct. Treble Gilt.

The RJ Silverstein Collection.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1810 to 1830’s US Navy Button
Color: A Golden Charcoal.
Metal: Slightly Convex, 1-Piece, Raised Design, Gilt Brass.
Size: 23.5mm.  Coat Size
Albert’s Number: NA 57-A: Unlisted Back mark Variant           RV 25
Variation: Large Slanted Oval Shield / Small Foul Anchor / 16 Six-Pointed Asterisk Type Stars
Present Condition: An Excavated Example, Strong Planchet Casting, Strong High Relief Pattern.
Isabela’s Notes: This is an English manufacturers variation for (NA 57-A) a Navy Officer’s 16 Star Pattern. This button’s pattern depicts an Eagle Looking More Skyward while standing on a cable. Under the eagle’s left wing is a Large Slanted Oval Shield that has a raised outline. Depicted on the shield is a Medium Size Fouled Anchor with a Short Straight Stock, and a Round Crown. Coming off the anchor’s top ring on the right hand-side is a Lined Cable. The cable goes over the stock, and then under the shaft and left fluke, and hangs in a fish hook racing right below the crown. Circling around the button’s edge is 16 Six-Pointed Stars. The high relief pattern is set on a plain slightly-convex field.

Reverse Button Analysis: The is a one-piece button with a loop shank. The shank is original and intact, but slightly bent. TREBLE GILT. ******* within a rm channel.
Dug in Cold Harbor, Virginia 2007.~

The RJ Silverstein Collection.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1810 to 1830’s US Navy Button

Color: Brass Yellow.
Metal: 1-Piece, Slightly Convex, Raised Design, Gilt Brass.
Size: 23.31mm.  Coat Size
Albert’s Number: NA 57-B                   RV 25
Variation: Eagle Facing Right / Large Slanted Oval Shield / Medium Size Fouled Anchor / Barbed Crown / 16 Six Point Asterisk Type Stars.
Present Condition: A Non Excavated Example, Exceptional Planchet Casting, Exceptional High Relief Pattern.
Isabela’s Notes: Since there were several companies making these buttons, a collector can find more then one die variant for this specific pattern: 57-B. The main differences are in the eagle’s feathers, neck size & length, and the style of the cable depicted. This die variant has an intricate design in the feather detail. This button’s pattern depicts an Eagle Facing Right while standing on a mound. Collectors should note three distinct inside tail feathers, along with a fuller looking right wing. Under the eagle’s left wing is a Large Slanted Oval Shield with a raised outline. Depicted on the shield is a Medium Size Fouled Anchor with a Slightly Slanted Stock, and a Barbed Crown. Coming off the anchor’s top ring on the right hand-side is  a lined or dash style cable. The rope goes over the stock, and then under the shaft and left fluke, and then hangs in a fish hook racing right below the crown. Circling around the button’s edge is 16 Six-Pointed Asterisk Type Stars. The high relief pattern is set on a plain slightly convex field. Dug specimens are available with some frequency.
Reverse Button Analysis: This is a slightly concave one-piece button with a loop shank. The shank is original, straight, and intact. TREBLE GILT within a Ribbon rm / ORANGE within a Ribbon rm.

The RJ Silverstein Collection.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
1810 to 1830’s US Navy Button

Color: Brass Yellow.
Metal: 1-Piece, Slightly Convex, Raised Design, Gilt Brass.
Size: 23mm.  Coat Size
Albert’s Number: NA 57-B                RV 15
Variation: Goose Neck Eagle / Three Inside Tail Feathers / Large Slanted Oval Shield / Small Fouled Anchor / 16 Six Pointed Stars.
Present Condition:  An Excavated Example, Strong Planchet Casting, Strong High Relief Pattern.
Isabela’s Notes: This is another die variant for NA 57 B 16 Star pattern. This pattern shows a different feather pattern then the earlier specimen. This button’s pattern depicts a Goose Neck Eagle standing on a cable looking to the right. This die variant shows three distinct tail feathers and lean slim wings. Covering over the eagle’s left wing is a Large Slanted Oval Shield that depicts a Small Fouled Anchor. The anchor’s stock is slightly slanted and the crown is barbed. There is a rope that comes off the anchor’s top ring on the right hand-side. The rope goes over the stock and then under the shaft and left fluke, and hangs in a fish hook racing right below the crown. Circling around the button’s edge is 16 Six-Pointed Stars. The high relief pattern is set on a plain convex field.
Reverse Button Analysis: This is a slightly concave one-piece button with a loop shank. The shank is original, straight, and intact. TREBLE GILT / ORANGE rm.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1802 US Navy Button

Color: A Patchy Golden Brown.
Metal: 1-Piece, Convex, Raised Design, Gilt Brass.
Size: 23mm.  Coat Size
Variation: Eagle Standing on a Cable / Slightly Slanted Oval Shield / Large Fouled Anchor / 16 Raised Six-Point Flower Type Stars.
Albert’s Number: NA 57: Unlisted variant                  RV 25
Present Condition: A Non Excavated Example, Strong Planchet Casting, Strong High Relief.
Isabela’s Notes: This is another die variant in the series. This pattern depicts a slightly different style eagle. The button’s pattern depicts an Eagle Standing on a Cable looking to the right. Under the eagle’s left wing is a very Slightly Slanted Oval Shield. Depicted on the shield is a Large Fouled Anchor on a stippled field. The stock of the anchor is straight and the crown is slightly barbed. There is a rope coming off the anchors top ring on the right hand-side. This goes under the stock, and then twists under the shaft, and left fluke. The cable then ends in a long fishhook passing under the crown and going all the way up to the right fluke. Circling around the outside edge is 16 Raised Six-Point Flower Type Stars. The high relief pattern is set on a plain convex field. Collectors should note this is the most scarce pattern out of the NA 57 16 star series.
Reverse Button Analysis: This is a one-piece button with a loop shank. The shank is original, straight, and intact.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1820’s United States Navy Officer’s Button

Color: A Tinted Yellow Brass.
Metal: Flat,1-Piece, Raised Design, Gilt Brass.
Size: 22.83mm. Coat Size
Variation: Small Slanted Spade Shaped Shield / Lined Field / Small Raised Anchor / Straight Stock / V-Shape Crown /13 Six-Pointed Stars.
Albert’s Number: NA 62-E:        RV 20
Present Condition: A Non Excavated Example, Exceptional Planchet Casting, Exceptional High Relief.
Isabela’s Notes: This button was originally intended for Naval Officers. The button’s pattern depicts a standing eagle facing right, with up-raised wings. Partially covering over the eagle’s left wing is a Small Slanted Spade Shaped Shield. Depicted on the shield’s Lined Field is a Small Fouled Anchor with a Straight Stock and a V-Shape Crown. There is a cable coming off the anchor’s top ring on the right hand-side, and wraps under the stock, over and under the shaft, and then under the right fluke where it dangles below the crown. Encircling the eagle is 13 Six-Pointed Stars. The high relief pattern is set on a lined filed with a round picture frame raised edge border.
Reverse Button Analysis: A One-Piece Casting with a loop shank. The shank is original, straight, and intact. .WILLIAM.WALLIS.EXTRA RICH.

The RJ Silverstein Collection.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1810-30’s United States Navy Button

Color: A Greenish-Brown.
Metal: Flat, 1-Piece, Raised Design, Gilt Brass.
Size: 16mm.  Cuff Size
Albert’s Number: NA 62-Unlisted Variant:             RV 20
Variation: Eagle Facing Right / Vertical Spade Shape Shield / Small Fouled Anchor / Slanted Stock / V-Shaped Crown / 13 Six-Pointed Stars.
Present Condition: A Non Excavated Example, Strong Planchet Casting, Strong High-Relief Pattern.
Isabela’s Notes: This popular pattern was produced by a dozen manufacturers from 1810 to the mid 30’s. The button’s pattern depicts a standingEagle Facing Right, with upraised wings. Covering over the eagle’s left wing is a Vertical Spade Shape Shield. Depicted on the lined shield is aSmall Fouled Anchor with a Slanted Stock and a V-Shaped Crown. The cable comes off the anchor’s top ring on the right hand-side, and then goes under the stock and shaft, and then ends behind/below the anchor’s crown. Circling around the eagle is 13 Six-Pointed Stars. The high relief pattern is set on a lined filed with a round picture frame raised edge border.
Reverse Button Analysis: This is a flat one-piece button with a loop shank. The shank is original, and intact, but crushed inward.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1820’s United States Navy Button

Color: A Light Gold With Sea foam Green.
Metal: High Relief, 1-Piece Gilt Brass.
Size: 22.59mm.  Coat Size
Variation: Small Wide Spade Shaped Shield / Small Fouled Anchor /Straight Stock / Slightly Barbed Crown / 16 Six-Pointed Stars.
Albert’s Number: NA 66-A:            RV 15
Present Condition: An Excavated Example, Strong Planchet Casting, Strong High Relief.
Isabela’s Notes: This is an English manufacturers variation of this commonly found pattern. The button’s pattern depicts an eagle standing on a mound while facing right with raised up-raised wings. Under the eagle’s left wing is a Small Wide Spade Shaped Shield. Depicted on the shield is a Small Fouled Anchor with a Straight Stock and a Slightly Barbed Crown. There is a small rope coming off the anchor’s top ring on the right hand-side. The rope goes under the stock and then under the shaft 2x, then under the right fluke off the edge. Circling around the eagle is 16 Six-Pointed Asterisk Type Stars. The high relief pattern is set on a lined filed with a round picture frame raised edge border.
Reverse Button Analysis: A One-Piece Casting with a loop shank. The shank is original, and intact, but slightly bent upwards. I.MOORE & Co/TREBLE GILT STANDARD COL* Five Plumes Above RM /3 ring rmdc

The RJ Silverstein Collection.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1810-30’s United States Navy Button

Color: A Brass Brown With Gold Highlights.
Metal: Flat, 1-Piece, Raised Design, Gilt Brass.
Size: 23 mm.  Coat size
Albert’s Number: NA 66-B:             RV 12-15
Variation: Small Spade Shaped Shield / Small Fouled Anchor /  Straight Stock / Slightly Barbed Crown / 16 Six-Pointed Asterisk Type Stars.
Present Condition: An Excavated Example, Exceptional Planchet Casting, Strong High-Relief Pattern.
Isabela’s Notes: This is another die variant made by A.M. Peasley of Boston. This one has a different style star depicted. The button’s pattern depicts an eagle standing on a mound while facing right with raised up-raised wings. Partially covering over the eagle’s left wing is a Small Wide Spade Shaped Shield. Depicted on the shield is a Small Fouled Anchor with a Straight Stock and a Slightly Barbed Crown. The rope in this variant comes off the anchor’s top ring on the right hand-side, and then goes over the stock, under the shaft & left fluke, and ends slightly below the crown. Circling around the eagle is 16 Six-Pointed Asterisk Type Stars. The high relief pattern is set on a lined field with a round picture frame raised border edge.
Reverse Button Analysis: This is a one-piece button with a loop shank. The shank is original, straight, and intact. A.M. PEASLEY/BOSTON rm
The J. Baldwin Collection.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1820-30’s United States Navy Button

Color: A Light Gold With Sea foam Green.
Metal: Flat, 1-Piece, Raised Design, Gilded Brass.
Size: 23 mm.  Coat Size
Albert’s Number: NA 67-A:                  RV 15
Variation: Eagle Facing Right / Slanted Spade Shaped Shield / Small Fouled Anchor / Straight Stock / Barbed Crown / Thin Rope Edge.
Present Condition: An Excavated Example, Strong Planchet Casting, Strong High Relief Pattern.
Isabela’s Notes: This new style button is very similar to the previous patterns in the series, but adds a thin decorative rope to the button’s edge. This button’s pattern depicts a standing Eagle Facing Right, with raised up-right wings. Partially covering over the eagle’s left wing is a Slanted Spade Shaped Shield. Depicted on the shield is a Small Fouled Anchor with a Straight Stock and a Barbed Crown. The rope comes off the anchor’s top ring on the right hand-side, and goes over the stock, under the shaft and fluke, and dangles under the crown. Circling around the eagle is 16 Six-Pointed Asterisk Type Stars. The high relief pattern is set on a lined field with a flat round picture frame border and a Thin Rope Edge Trim. The back mark dates this specimen dates from 1820, but the pattern might have come around earlier. (Lewis Tomes 01).
Reverse Button Analysis: This is a flat one-piece button with a soldered on loop shank. The shank is original, straight, and intact. LEWIS & TOMES EXTRA RICH rm within a channel.
Excavated in Keedyville, Maryland.~

Picture Courteous of Harry Ridgeway/ Museum Collection.

Robert’s Notes: Lewis & Tomes was an English button maker who operated a partnership in America.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1820-30’s United States Navy Button

Color: A Golden Brass Yellow.
Metal: Flat, 1-Piece, Raised Design, Gilded Brass.
Size: 23 mm.  Coat Size
Albert’s Number: NA 67-A:                 RV 15
Variation: 16 Six-Pointed Stars/Rope Edge.
Present Condition: A Non Excavated Example, Exceptional Planchet Casting, Exceptional High Relief Patten.
Isabela’s Notes: This button is another specimen manufactured by Lewis & Tomes, but with a latter backmark. This button’s pattern depicts a standing eagle facing right, with raised up-right wings. Under the left wing is a spade shaped shield, with a Small Fouled Anchor depicted on a lined field. The rope comes off the anchor’s top ring on the right hand-side, and goes over the stock, under the shaft and fluke, and dangles under the crown. There are16 Six-Pointed Asterisk Type Stars encircling the eagle on the outside edge. The high relief pattern is set on a lined field with a Thin Raised Border and Outside Rope Edge.
Reverse Button Analysis: This is a one-piece button with a loop shank. The shank is original, straight, and intact. LEWIS & TOMES EXTRA RICH 2 within a two ring rm.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1820-30’s United States Navy Button

Color: An Olive Grey.
Metal: Flat, 1-Piece, Raised Design, Pewter.
Size: 16mm.  Cuff Size
Albert’s Number: NA 72-Av:             RV 7
Variation: Slanted Spade Shaped Shield / Small Foul Anchor / 16 Six-Pointed Asterisk Type Stars.
Present Condition: An Excavated Example, Strong Planchet Casting, Strong High Relief Pattern.
Isabela’s Notes: The button’s pattern depicts a standing eagle facing right, with raised up-raised wings. Under the left wing is a Slanted Spade Shaped Shield, with a Small Fouled Anchor on a lined field. The rope comes off the anchor’s top ring on the right hand-side, and goes around the stock, under and over the shaft, then over the right fluke off the side. There are 16 Six-Pointed Asterisk Type Stars encircling the eagle on the outside edge. The high relief pattern is set on a plain flat field with a plain edge..
Reverse Button Analysis: This is a flat one-piece button with a soldered on loop shank. The shank is original, straight, and intact.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1820-30’s United States Navy Style Reverse Button

Color: An Olive Grey.
Metal: Flat, 1-Piece, Raised Design, Silvered Copper.
Size: 19 mm.  Coat Size
Albert’s Number: NA 75-B                 RV 05
Variation: Slanted Spade Shape Shield / Small Spade Shape Shield / Square Notch Border.
Present Condition: An Excavated Example, Good Planchet Casting, Strong High Relief Pattern.
Isabela’s Notes: This button is an unusual specimen that has the device on the back of the button. This style was very popular during the 1820’s with political buttons as well. There are two known die variants, one that is a little bigger with 20 six pointed stars on the border, and a smaller example with square notches. What the style pattern tells me, is that it is the same style as a Jacksonian Political Reverse Style Button. This button could have been worn on Breeches, or just on a shirt’s cuff.  The button’s pattern depicts a standing eagle facing right, with a Slanted Spade Shaped Shield under it’s left wing. Within the shield is a raised anchor within on a lined field. The anchors rope comes off the anchor’s top ring on the right hand-side, and goes under the stock, shaft, and left fluke, then hangs below the crown. The high relief pattern is on a lined field with a decorative Square Notch Border.
Reverse Button Analysis: This is a one-piece button with a loop shank. The shank is original, straight, and intact.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1820’s United States Marines

Color: An Ochre of Brown & Shades of Red.
Metal: Flat, 1-Piece, Raised Design, Gilt Brass.
Size: 20.69mm.  Coat Size
Albert’s Number: MC 2:               RV 35
Tice’s Number: MC 106
Variation: Flying Spread-Wing Eagle Facing Down / Large Slanted Fouled Anchor / 13 Six-Pointed Stars / Irregularly Lined Field.
Present Condition: An Excavated Example, Good Planchet Casting, Good High Relief Pattern.
Isabela’s Notes: This button was most likely made by Robinson during the 1820’s. During the Revolution, Congress authorized the enlistment of the Marines to serve as Naval Infantry men. There primary duty was to keep order aboard American Ships, and to act as guards at Naval shore installations. The button’s pattern depicts a Flying Spread-Wing Eagle Facing Down with the anchor’s rope in it’s beak. Underneath is a Large Slanted Fouled Anchor. In the eagle’s left talon is the anchor’s top ring. The slack rope comes off the anchor’s top ring on the left hand-side and goes over and under the stock, and then through the eagle’s beak, and then under and over the shaft 3x, then over the right fluke ending under the crown. In the top legend, there are 13 Six-Pointed Stars arced above the eagle. The high relief pattern is set on a Irregularly Lined Field, with a wide plain raised round edge. These early Marine buttons are usually very hard to come by, because the Marine Corps didn’t have many men. Tice even noted that by 1851, the Corps only consisted of 1800 officers and men.
Reverse Button Analysis: This is a one-piece button with a soldered on wedge shank. The shank is original, and intact, but twisted and broken open. GILT *.*.*.*. rm

Dug in Fernandina Florida by J.B. near Fort Clinch.
The RJ. Silverstein Collection.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1820’s United States Marines

Color: A Golden Brown.
Metal: Flat, 1-Piece, Raised Design, Gilt Brass.
Size: 23 mm.  Coat Size
Albert’s Number: MC 3-B: RV 35
Tice’s Number: MC
Variation: Flying Spread-Wing Eagle Facing Down / Large Slanted Fouled Anchor / 13 Six-Pointed Stars / Lined Field.
Present Condition: An Excavated Example, Good Planchet Casting, Good High Relief Pattern.
Isabela’s Notes: This button was most likely made by Robinson during the 1820’s. During the Revolution, Congress authorized the enlistment of the Marines to serve as Naval Infantry men. There primary duty was to keep order aboard American Ships, and to act as guards at Naval shore installations. The button’s pattern depicts a Flying Spread-Wing Eagle Facing Down with the anchor’s rope in it’s beak. Underneath is a Large Slanted Fouled Anchor. In the eagle’s left talon is the anchor’s top ring. The slack rope comes off the anchor’s top ring on the left hand-side and goes over and under the stock, and then through the eagle’s beak, and then under and over the shaft 3x, then over the right fluke ending under the crown. In the top legend, there are 13 Six-Pointed Stars arced above the eagle. The high relief pattern is set on a Lined Field, with a wide plain raised round edge. These early Marine buttons are usually very hard to come by, because the Marine Corps didn’t have many men. Tice even noted that by 1851, the Corps only consisted of 1800 officers and men.
Reverse Button Analysis: This is a one-piece button with a soldered on wedge shank. The shank is original, straight, and intact. . NE PLUS ULTRA. Decorative pattern / TREBLE GILT/ STRAND d COL x

1861-65 United States Marines

Color: A Desert Clay Brown.
Metal: Convex, 2-Piece, Raised Design, Gilt Brass.
Size: 23 mm.  Coat Size
Albert’s Number: CS 76:            RV 300
Tice’s Number: CSM 200
Variation: Stippled Roman M
Present Condition: An Excavated Example, Strong Planchet Casting, Strong High Relief Pattern.
Isabela’s Notes:  On March 16, 1861, the Confederate States envoked an official Act to Provide for the Organization of the Navy, and instituted the establishment of a Corps of Marines. Unfortunately, the official uniform and dress code doesn’t prescribe any buttons for the corps of Marines. Several old collections do have buttons labeled, “Marines” which indicates buttons were made for this organization specifically. H T & B Manchester back mark buttons supplied by the British to the Confederate Army strongly point toward Marine issue. There was also some evidence supplied by the Atlanta Historical Museum there was another manufactured button by Horstman and Alien NY. they had an original uniform which was owned by a Second Lieutenant Henry Graves. Research indicates he was in command of 20 Marines that served on the CSS Savannah. The button’s pattern depicts a Stippled “M” using Roman font. The high relief letter is set on a plain convex field with a raised border edge. This button was the only one made for the Confederate Marines. Collectors find this one of the most desirable buttons to obtain.
Reverse Button Analysis: This is a 2-Piece button with a loop shank. The shank is original, and intact, but crushed flat.

Dug at Dutch Gap, Virginia.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1820’s Republic of Texas Navy
Color: Dripping Gold!
Metal: Low Convex, 2-Piece, Raised Design, Gilt Brass.
Size: 21 mm.  Coat Size
Albert’s Number: TX 1:            RV 100
Tice’s Number : TX 219-A.1
Variation: Five-Pointed Lone Star / Large Slanted Raised Anchor / Republic of Texas.
Present Condition: A Non Excavated Example, Exceptional Planchet Casting, Exceptional High Relief Pattern.
Isabela’s Notes: The Republic of Texas originally tried to form it’s own country, so naturally they formed their own Navy to defend Galveston Bay against the Mexicans. The button’s pattern depicts a Five-Point Lone Star above a Large Slanted Raised Anchor. The rope comes off the anchor’s top ring on the left hand-side, and goes under the stock, shaft 3x, and then under the right fluke where it hangs below. Republic of Texas is in large Roman Font letters arced in the top legend. The high relief pattern is set on a lined field with a thin flat border and pipe rope edging.
Reverse Button Analysis: This is a two-piece flat construction with a soldered on loop shank. The shank is original, straight, and intact. J.M.L.& W.H. / SCOVILLS / dm ring WATERBURY. EXTRA. SUPERFINE *.*.* inner dm ring

1837 Republic of Texas Navy

Color: A Coppery Golden Brown.
Metal: Flat, Oval, 1-Piece, Raised Design, Gilt Brass.
Size: 23mm. Coat Size
Albert’s Number: TX 3           RV 100
Tice’s Number: TX222 A.1
Variation: Large Five Point Star Star / Upright Fouled Anchor / Barbed Crown / Esperensia / Oval Picture Frame.
Present Condition: A Non Excavated Example, Strong Planchet Casting, Strong High Relief Pattern.
Robert’s Comments: This button was produced by Scovills in 1837. They made both a coat and matching cuff. The button’s pattern depicts a Large Five Point Star above an Upright Fouled Anchor with a Barbed Crown. The anchor shows the top ring folded over with a rope coming off the left hand side. The rope goes under the stock, shaft, and right fluke, then ends dangling below the crown. Above the star is the motto, “ESPERENSIA” in large capital letters. The high relief pattern is set on a lined field within an Oval Picture Frame with a pipe rope edge. This is a very popular button for early southern collectors. Reproductions were cast in silver during the 1930’s.
Reverse Button Analysis: This is a one-piece button with a soldered on loop shank. The shank is original, straight, and intact. * SCOVILLS * / EXTRA SUPERFINE rm within a 2 ring rope pattern rm.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1830’s to 1850’s US Federal Navy Officer’s Button

Color: White Wash Rusty Red.
Metal: Flat, 1-Piece, Raised Design, Gilt Brass.
Size: 16mm.  Cuff Size
Albert’s Number: NA 81-Bv:              RV 05
Variation: 16 Irregularly Spaced Five-Pointed Stars  / Plain Wide Oval Border /Irregular Lined Field
Present Condition: A Non Excavated Example, Exceptional Planchet Casting, Strong High Relief Pattern.
Isabela’s Notes: This button was made by an English manufacturer for Naval Officers in the 1830’s (Gilt 02).  The button’s pattern depicts an eagle standing on the flukes of an upright anchor facing left. There are 16 Irregularly Spaced Five-Pointed Stars encircling the eagle around the inside border. This is followed by a Plain Wide Oval Border with an Outside Pipe Rope Edging. This high relief pattern is set on an Irregular Lined Field. These earlier specimens do not use an “inside” rope border for the pattern. There is also another cuff variation of this pattern with 14 stars.
Reverse Button Analysis: This is a flat one-piece button with a loop shank. The shank is broken. A Circle of 8 six-pointed stars with alternating dots GILT.

Excavated in Harper’s Ferry West Virginia.~

Picture courteous of Harry Ridgeway.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1830’s to 1850’s US Federal Navy Officer’s Button

Color: Brass Yellow.
Metal: Flat, 1-Piece, Raised Design, Gilt Brass.
Size: 23mm.  Coat Size
Albert’s Number: NA 86-A.2:  RV 10
Variation: Rope Passes Left to Right / 13 Raised Five-Pointed Stars / Thin Rope Edge Border.
Present Condition: A Non Excavated Example, Exceptional Planchet Casting, Strong High Relief Pattern.
Isabela’s Notes: This popular Navy Officer’s button was made by at least nine different manufactures, and has two known die variants. One with the rope passing left to right, and the other with the rope passing right to left. This style pattern was known to be manufactured during the late 1820’s, but was prevalent in use from the 1830’s to the 50’s. The button’s pattern depicts an eagle at rest perched on the stock of an upright fouled Anchor facing left. The anchor’s Rope Passes from Left to Right under the stock, and then hangs under the right fluke almost to the barb on the crown. In this variant, the anchor is a bit more pronounced, and shows thicker flukes. There are 13 Raised Five-Pointed Stars encircling the eagle around the inside border. This is followed by a Thin Rope Edge Border, which outlines a wide plain oval border with an outside pipe rope edge. The high relief inside pattern is set on a lined field. 
Reverse Button Analysis: This is a flat one-piece button with a loop shank. The shank is original, straight, and intact. rm * L & KENDRICK */EXTRA RICH inside rope ring rm.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1830’s to 1850’s US Federal Navy Officer’s Button
Color: Brass Yellow.
Metal: Flat, 1-Piece, Raised Design, Gilt Brass.
Size: 22.6mm.  Coat Size
Albert’s Number: NA 86-A.3:  RV 10
Variation: Rope Passes Left to Right / 13 Raised Five-Pointed Stars / Thin Rope Edge Border.
Present Condition: A Non Excavated Example, Exceptional Planchet Casting, Strong High Relief Pattern.
Isabela’s Notes: This die variant was made by Lewis & Tomes for Naval Officers in the late 1820’s or 1830’s (Lewis Tomes 07).  The button’s pattern depicts an eagle at rest perched on the stock of an upright fouled Anchor facing left. The anchor’s Rope Passes from Left to Right under the stock, and then hangs under the arm of the right fluke barely below the crown. In this variant, the anchor is a bit more pronounced, and shows thicker flukes. There are 13 Raised Five-Pointed Stars encircling the eagle around the inside border. This is followed by a Thin Rope Edge Border, which outlines a wide plain oval border with an outside pipe rope edge. The high relief inside pattern is set on a lined field. 
Reverse Button Analysis: This is a flat one-piece button with a loop shank. The shank is original, straight, and intact. LEWIS & TOMES/ EXTRA RICH rm 2 ring channel.

This style pattern was known to manufactured in the late 1820’s, but was prevalent from the 1830’s to the 50’s.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1830’s to 1850’s US Federal Navy Officer’s Button
Color: Rich Gold.
Metal: Flat, 1-Piece, Raised Design, Gilt Brass.
Size: 23mm.  Coat Size
Albert’s Number: NA 86-A-Unlisted Backmark Variation:  RV 15
Variation: 13 Five-Pointed Stars / Rope Passes Left to Right
Present Condition: A Non Excavated Example, Exceptional Planchet Casting, Strong High Relief Pattern.
Isabela’s Notes: This die variant was made by J.M.L & W.H Scovill (Scovill09) from 1827 to 1840. The button’s pattern depicts an eagle perched on the stock of an upright anchor facing left. The anchor’s rope passes from left to right under the stock and fluke, and ends dangling under the right fluke. The anchor is a bit more pronounced with a nice barbed crown and symmetrical flukes. There are 13 raised five-pointed stars encircling the eagle on the inside border. This is followed by a thin roped edge, and a wide oval border with an outside rope edging. The whole inside pattern is set on a lined field. 
Reverse Button Analysis: This is a flat one-piece button with a loop shank. The shank is original, straight, and intact. rm *J.M L &W.H SCOVILL */EXTRA RICH/No1 set in a rm 2 ring channel.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1830’s to 1850’s US Federal Navy Officer’s Button
Color: Aged Gold.
Metal: Flat, 1-Piece, Raised Design, Gilt Brass.
Size: 16mm.  Cuff Size
Albert’s Number: NA 86-Bv:  RV 03
Variation: 13 Five-Pointed Stars / Rope Passes Right to Left
Present Condition: A Non Excavated Example, Exceptional Planchet Casting, Exceptional High Relief Pattern.
Isabela’s Notes: This is the only backmark Richard Robinson used for this alternate die variant where the rope passes right to left. Robinson did manufacture the original die variant (Pattern A) with three known backmarks in the 1820-30’s. This particular pattern was made by Richard Robinson (Robinson R08) in the 1820’s. This alternate pattern is extremely similar to “A”, except for the eagle’s feathering, and the rope passes right to left. The button’s pattern depicts an eagle at rest, that is perched on an upright anchor’s slanted stock. The eagle is facing left in this variant. The anchor’s rope comes from under the right hand side of the stock and Passes Right to Left under the stock, and left fluke. The rope then joins the inner rope border under the crown. There are 13 Five-Pointed Stars encircling the eagle around the inside border. This is followed by a thin rope edge, which leads into a plain wide oval border with an outside rope edge. The high relief inside pattern is set on a lined field. 
Reverse Button Analysis: This is a flat one-piece button with a loop shank. The shank is original, straight, and intact. rm * . ROBINSON & Co.*/ EXTRA RICH. rm

This style pattern was known to manufactured in the late 1820’s, but was prevalent from the 1830’s to the 50’s.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1830’s Navy Button

Color: A Golden Olive Brown
Metal: High Relief, 1-Piece Gilded Brass.
Size: 22.46mm.  Coat Size
Albert’s Number: NA 87: RV 20
Variation: Barbed Anchor / 13 Five-Pointed Star / Pipe Rope Edge.
Present Condition: A Non Excavated Example, Exceptional Planchet Casting, Exceptional High Relief.
Isabela’s Notes: This one-piece button was part of the new transitional style (from an Eagle standing on the Flukes of an upright Anchor, to an Eagle resting upon the Stock of an upright Anchor) adapted by the U.S. Navy. This new style pattern was used throughout the 1830’s and 40’s. Some backmark research indicates this button was produced in the early 1830’s.  We also know that W.H. Smith operated from the 1830’s to around 1858. (W.H. Smith was an outfitter, and the buttons were manufactured by Scovill). The button depicts a perched eagle on an Barbed Anchor facing left. There are 13 Five-Pointed Stars encircling the eagle around the inside border. This is followed by a thin rope edge, which leads into a plain wide oval border with an outside Pipe Rope Edge. The high relief inside pattern is set on a lined field. 
Reverse Button Analysis: A one-piece button with a loop shank. The shank is original, straight, and intact. W & H SMITH. TREBLE GILT four dot

The RJ Silverstein Collection.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1830’s to 1850’s US Navy Officer’s Button
Color: Two Tone Gold.
Metal: Flat, 1-Piece, Raised Design, Gilt Brass.
Size: 22.7mm.  Coat Size
Albert’s Number: NA 87-A.1:  RV 10
Variation: 13 Five-Pointed Stars / Rope Passes Right to Left
Present Condition: A Non Excavated Example, Exceptional Planchet Casting, Exceptional High Relief Pattern.
Isabela’s Notes: This button was made by an English manufacturer J. Manns (Mann02) during the 1820’s or 1830’s.  The button’s pattern depicts the same style and pattern as NA 86, but thee is no rope coming off the anchor’s top ring.  The button’s pattern depicts a perched eagle on a foul anchor stock facing left. There are 13 five-pointed stars encircling the eagle around the inside border. This is followed by a thin roped edge, and a wide oval border with an outside pipe rope edging. The whole inside pattern is set on a lined field. 
Reverse Button Analysis: This is a flat one-piece button with a loop shank. The shank is original, straight, and intact. rm J.MANN’S EXTRA RICH with a surmounting Crown surrounded by dots. outer circle of rm dots encircling marker.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1835-50 United States Navy Button
Color: Tarnished Brass Yellow.
Metal: 2-Piece, Low-Convex, Raised Design, Gilded Brass.
Size: 22mm.  Coat Size
Albert’s Number: NA 106:  RV 5
Tice’s Number: NA212A.13
Variation: 13 Five-Pointed Stars.
Present Condition: A Non Excavated Example, Exceptional Planchet Casting, Exceptional  High Relief Pattern.
Isabela’s Notes: There are many manufacturer’s die variants for this popular pattern. The pattern was manufactured for 15 years, and several companies had more then one back mark. The button’s pattern depicts an eagle standing on the stock of a raised anchor. The eagle is facing left  with spread wings. The Anchor’s rope dangles off the left hand-side of the stock and goes under and over the shaft, and then hangs under the left fluke. There is 13 five-pointed stars that encircle the eagle. The high relief pattern is set on a lined field with an inner raised border and an outer roped edge.
Reverse Button Analysis: This is a two-piece button with a loop shank. The shank is original, straight, and intact.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1820’s to 1830’s The Revenue Marines

Color: A Sea Green with Golden Highlights
Metal: Flat, 1-Piece, Raised Design, Gilt Brass.
Size: 26 mm. Coat Size
Variation: Treasury Shield / Horizontal Fouled Anchor / Chevron Pointing Upward with Thirteen Large Five-Point Stars / Balanced Scales.
Albert’s Number: FD 1:               RV 25         Isabela’s: RV 50
Tice’s Number: RM 200B.2
Present Condition: An Excavated Example, Good Planchet Casting, Good Relief Pattern.
Isabela’s Notes: To insure that the U.S. Treasury received their payment for import duties, Congress established the Revenue Marines in 1790. Their primary duty was to prevent smuggling, and ensure the collection of monies owed from imported goods. When the Civil War began, this service was brought under the Navy Department, and was renamed, The Revenue Cutter Service in 1863. Even though the Revenue Marines didn’t officially adopt a button pattern until 1834, they still used a mixed federal branch version of a Treasury Shield and a Horizontal Navy Fouled Anchor. Even though no regulation existed, this pattern was used as early as the 1820’s. After the Civil War, the newly re-named “Revenue Cutter Service” changed it’s buttons to bare the initials, “US”. In 1915, the Revenue Cutter Service combined all the services of lifesaving, marines inspection, lighthouse duties, and navigational services into what we call today the modern Coast Guard. The specimen above is the earliest known pattern to be used and worn by the Revenue Marine personal. There doesn’t appear to be an officer’s pattern that differentiates from regular personal. We know of two die variants. One has larger stars in the chevron, and one has an V-Shape anchor stock. The button’s pattern depicts is a large Treasury Shield with a surmounting Horizontal Fouled Anchor. The anchor’s crown is barbed and the stock is slightly slanted. Within the shield is a Chevron Pointing Upward with Thirteen Large Five-Point Stars. Above the chevron is a depiction ofBalanced Scales. Under the chevron is a Period Type Key on a field of raised dimples. The high relief pattern is set on a lined field within a flat oval picture frame border and a pipe rope trim edge.
Reverse Button Analysis: A one-piece button with a loop shank. The original shank is bent upward. .*. U.STATES.*.REVENUE SERVICE rm

The RJ Silverstein Collection.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1850-63 Revenue Marines 
Color: Gold Bar.
Metal: Slightly Convex, 2-Piece, Raised Design, Gilt Brass.
Size: 22.95 mm. Coat Size
Albert’s Number: FD 4:                      RV 5
Tice’s Number: RM209A.3
Variation: Treasury Shield / Horizontal Fouled Anchor / Chevron Pointing Upward with Thirteen Five-Point Stars / Balanced Scales.
Present Condition: A Non Excavated Example, Exceptional Planchet Casting, Exceptional High Relief Pattern.
Isabela’s Notes: This button was acquired from items once owned by Albert G. Browne. He was the supervising agent for the US Treasury Dept. During the Civil War he would have worn this button while he was serving along side of General Sherman during his Georgia campaign. Albert Browne was also the man credited with the idea of General Sherman giving President Lincoln the city of Savannah for Christmas of 1864. The Revenue Marine Service was established in 1790 under the US Treasury Dept. insure against smuggling, and receive monies owed for import/export duties. This specific button was most likely a transitional button before changing into the Revenue Cutter Service in 1863; when it was brought under the Navy Department. During this time period of 1850-60’s several variations of the pattern are noted. Some later manufactured patterns included 7, 9, or 11 Crosses instead of Stars within the chevron, rope edge variation, and some bore the US initials on the obverse. In 1915, the Revenue Cutter Service combined all the services of lifesaving, marine inspections, lighthouse duties, and navigational services into what we call today the modern Coast Guard. The example above is a pre-civil war button that was worn by Revenue Marine personal. As noted prior, there doesn’t appear to be an officer’s pattern that differentiates from personal. The button’s pattern depicts is a largeTreasury Shield with a surmounting Horizontal Fouled Anchor. Within the shield is a Chevron Pointing Upward with Thirteen Five-Point Stars.Above the chevron is a depiction ofBalanced Scales. Under the chevron is aPeriod Type Key on a field of raised dimples. The high relief pattern is set on a lined field within a picture frame border with a plain angled raised border and rope trim edge.

Reverse Button Analysis: This is a two-piece button with a loop shank. The shank is original, straight, and intact. * D. EVANS & CO. * ATTLEBORO * MASS dm depressed well for shank.

The RJ Silverstein Collection.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1849-51 United States Navy 

Color: A Dirty Black.
Metal: 1-Piece, Slightly Concave, Raised Design, Hard Rubber. 
Size: 35mm. Coat Size
Albert’s Number: NA 137-A.2:  RV 3
Tice’s Number: NA 244C.1
Variation: Horizontal Anchor with A Slanted Stock / Periods Between Initials / Raised Rim Sew Holes.
Present Condition: A Non Excavated Example, Strong Planchet Casting, Strong High Relief Pattern.
Isabela’s Notes: This button was intended for the Navy’s enlisted men. There are three known die variants. One with periods after the initials, and without periods; and one with a vertical anchor with periods. The size and slant on the horizontal anchor specimens also differ. Lastly, there are some specimens in all three variants without raised rims around the sew holes. The button’s pattern depicts the initials, “U.S.N.” arced above with the periods between the initials. Underneath, there are three beveled five-pointed stars stretching from the center to the raised border. There is a horizontal raised anchor with a slanted stock on the bottom. The rope comes off the anchor’s top ring on the left, and then goes under the stock, under and over the shaft, then under the fluke, and finally dangles below the crown. There are four large sew holes with raised rims surrounding the center star. The high relief pattern is set on a stippled field with a large round border. Collector’s seek double patent date backmarks.
Reverse Button Analysis: This is a one-piece button with four holes. NOVELTY RUBBER Co. NEW YORK. / GOODYEAR’S PATENT 1851.
Picture Courteous of Harry Ridgeway. 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1849-51 United States Navy 

Color: A Dirty Black.
Metal: 1-Piece, Slightly Concave, Raised Design, Hard Rubber. 
Size: 35mm. Coat Size
Albert’s Number: NA 137-A.2:  RV 3
Tice’s Number: NA 244-B.1
Variation: Horizontal Anchor with A Slanted Stock / Periods Between Initials / Without Raised Rim Sew Holes.
Present Condition: A Non Excavated Example, Strong Planchet Casting, Strong High Relief Pattern.
Isabela’s Notes: This button was intended for the Navy’s enlisted men. There are three known die variants. One with periods after the initials, and without periods; and one with a vertical anchor with periods. The size and slant on the horizontal anchor specimens also differ. Lastly, there are some specimens in all three variants without raised rims around the sew holes. The button’s pattern depicts the initials, “U.S.N.” arced above with the periods between the initials. Underneath, there are three beveled five-pointed stars stretching from the center to the raised border. There is a horizontal raised anchor with a slanted stock on the bottom. The rope comes off the anchor’s top ring on the left, and then goes under the stock, under and over the shaft, then under the fluke, and finally dangles below the crown. There are four large sew holes with Without raised rims surrounding the center star. The high relief pattern is set on a stippled field with a large round border. Collector’s seek double patent date backmarks.
Reverse Button Analysis: This is a one-piece button with four holes. NOVELTY RUBBER Co. NEW YORK. / GOODYEAR’S PATENT 1851.
Picture Courteous of Harry Ridgeway.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1851-65 United States Navy

Color: A Dirty Black.
Metal: 1-Piece, Slightly Concave, Raised Design, Hard Rubber.
Size: 32mm. Coat Size
Albert’s Number: NA 136-A.2: RV 3
Tice’s Number: NA 241-A.1
Variation: Small Vertical Anchor / Periods Between Initials / Raised Rim Sew Holes.
Present Condition: A Non Excavated Example, Strong Planchet Casting, Strong High Relief Pattern.
Isabela’s Notes: The navy purchased many of this type for it’s enlisted men between 1851-65. There are three known die variants. The button’s pattern depicts the initials, “U.S.N.” arced above with the periods between the initials. Underneath, there are three beveled five-pointed stars stretching in a chevron V from the center to the raised border. There is a small vertical fouled anchor on the bottom. The rope comes off the anchor’s top ring on the left, and then goes under the stock, then over the shaft, then under the right fluke, and finally dangles below. There are four large sew holes with with raised rims surrounding the center star. The high relief pattern is set on a stippled field with a large round edge border. Collector’s seek double patent date backmarks.
Reverse Button Analysis: This is a one-piece button with four holes. NOVELTY RUBBER Co. / GOODYEAR’S PATENT. / 1851.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1861-65 Confederate States Navy 

Color: A Sandy Grey.
Metal: 1-Piece, Raised Design, Hard Rubber. 
Size: 33mm. Coat Size
Albert’s Number: CS 60-A:  RV 75
Tice’s Number: CSN222A.1
Variation: Vertical Fluted Anchor with Slanted Stock / Initials, C N Below
Present Condition: A Non Excavated Example, Strong Planchet Casting, Strong High Relief Pattern.
Isabela’s Notes: This button was intended for enlisted men for the ship CSS Texas. Commander George Terry Sinclair specifically ordered these buttons from an English  manufacturer for the Confederate Warship CSS Texas. This powerfull ship was being constructed in the England’s Thomson shipyard, but when the English lost faith in the American cause, it was seized and sold to another foreign power. The buttons were never issued and all were recovered from Sinclair’s estate. The button’s pattern depicts a large vertical fluted anchor with a slanted stock in the center. Over the anchor is a set of cross cannons with a notched out cross in the center. This cross is accompanied by an adjoining sew hole. The Anchor’s right fluke is on top of the right cannon. The initials “C N” appear underneath the crown. The whole high relief pattern is set on a stippled filed with a cable border.
Reverse Button Analysis: This is a one-piece button with four holes. COURTNEY & TENNENT./CHARLESTON.S.C./MANTON’S PATENT dm with a swan above.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1861-65 Confederate States Navy 

Color: Dusty Brown.
Metal: 2-Piece, Convex With Flat Border, Raised Design, Cast White Metal.
Size: 23mm.  Coat Size
Albert’s Number: CS 68-A:  RV 150
Tice’s Number: CSN270A.1
Variation: Man-of-War /15 Six Pointed Stars.
Present Condition: An Excavated Example, Strong Planchet Casting, Strong High Relief Pattern.
Isabela’s Notes: Probably the most attractive button the south ever manufactured. This button’s pattern depicts a Man-of War under sail. The ship is partially surrounded above by an arc of 15 five pointed stars. The initials, “C S N” lie below the ship. Encircling the stars is an outer rope decorative border witch leads to a flat edge. The whole high relief pattern is set on a plain convex field.
Reverse Button Analysis: This is a two-piece button with an integral shank. The shank is original, straight, and intact. E.M.LEWIS & Co/ RICHMOND.VA. rmdc