~ 1790’s to 1850’s ~
U.S. Federal & State Militia Riflemen

     The military use of the word (designation), “Riflemen“ first originated back in the 16th century. These soldiers were originally called,“Hand gunners.” By the 17th century, they were known as, “Musketeers,” and then in the 18th century, the Infantry soldiers were called, “Rifleman.” The Riflemen were expert marksmen who were also good at guerrilla warfare. These rifleman were sent in as an advanced guard for the infantry companies. There primary job was to pick off officers, NCO’s, and musicians before major engagements. Even though state militia units did use certain marksman as Rifleman guerrillas in the Revolutionary War, the Federal government didn’t officially have any designated units until many after the Rev. War. By the War of 1812, the Federal government had established, and used rifleman actively. Military historians have noted that the 1st Reg. of Riflemen was a very active unit, especially in the Niagara Campaign.

 

State Militia Rifles
America’s First Eagle & Horn Patterns

     Most states usually gave their militia units free reign in choosing their style uniforms and buttons. Militia units which did not have financial resources left the responsibility up to the volunteers to provide their own uniforms and buttons. Some Militia would furnish the volunteers with any states guidelines as to the type of the uniforms, and what the button’s patterns looked like. In the post-colonial times, states would use often use their Coat of Arms or reflected Federal type general use patterns. In some instances, Militia units with financial resources would have their own style button dies cut to reflect the type of unit it was, and combine it with their state’s crest.  In other instances they would just ask the garment maker to use any supply of manufacturer federal type specimens. Another interesting note, is that officer’s serving with the volunteer militia were responsible for supplying their own horse and provide for it’s well being.

     Yes Robert, I would have to agree with your assessment of the early general service patriotic eagle designs. Remember, that local militia units of this period were loosely organized. They usually followed the state and federal regulations on pattern types, but since they were locally recruited and financed, they fought what they wanted, and what their superior officers wanted them to follow. Militia members bought uniforms from the various garment makers, the garment makers bought buttons, sometimes specified, sometimes generic patterns to fit all types of militia uniforms. These buttons you asked about could have been sold to other units and other states even. The star count on most of these early Militia Rifles buttons is artistic, this was the creation of whatever the artist thought would work for the type of regiment. If a star count is not 13, it probably is artistic and not symbolic.– Harry Ridgeway

 

 

 

 

1790 – 1800 New York State Militia Riflemen

Color: Earth tone Brown With Gilt Design Highlights.
Metal: Flat, 1-Piece, Engraved Design, Gilt Brass.
Button Size: 18.82mm.  Cuff Size
Albert’s Number: Unlisted / Unlisted Variant.
Variation: Hunting Horn / Diamond Shape Bow / Two Cord Tassels / Rifles “R” English Script.
Present Condition: A Dug Specimen, A Very Strong Planchet Condition, A Strong Impressed Pattern Remains.
Robert’s Notes: This is one of the earliest known horn pattern buttons used by an Officer serving in the NY State Militia Rifles. This button was British made, and was dug in Highland, New York on a farmland just inland from Hudson River. The English manufactured several state militia rifle horn pattern buttons following the Revolutionary War when states were forming post war militias. There are 3 high relief patterns known for militia rifles from the early 1800’s, but those depict a combination of a horn, eagle, and stars. These buttons have been dug in southern states such as, South Carolina, Georgia, and Florida. But this impressed pattern would be the earliest known Transitional Northern Militia Rifles pattern found to date. The button’s pattern depicts an English style Hunting Horn pointing toward the left. The corded sling has a Diamond Shape Bow above with Two Ringed Cord Ends hanging below. The designation for Militia Rifles, “R” is in a line etched English Script which is centered in-between the two hanging cord ends. The engraved design is on a plain flat field.
Reverse Button Analysis: This is a flat one-piece button with a loop shank. The shank is original, straight, and intact.

Dug By Jeff Davidson in Highland township NY, inland from the Hudson River.
The RJ. Silverstein Collection.

 

 

 

1808-20’s South Carolina State Militia Rifles

Color: A Coppery Brown with White Encrustations.
Metal: Flat, 1-Piece, Raised Design, Gilt Brass.
Button Size: 14.5mm. Cuff Size.
Albert’s Number: Unlisted Die Variant
Variation: Federal Type Droop Wing Eagle / Hunting Horn.
Present Condition: A Dug Specimen, Good Planchet Condition, A Strong High Relief Pattern Remains.
Robert’s Notes: This is an early 1800’s Militia rifleman pattern. It would have been supplied by a garment maker when the uniforms where ordered. There appears to be only one die variant dug to date with the hunting horn facing left. there is some speculation the buttons with a blank back mark were made local in South Carolina, before the War of 1812. The button’s pattern depicts a Federal Type Droop Wing Eagle facing Right. The eagle is standing on a Hunting Horn facing toward the Left. The high relief pattern is set on a plain flat field.
Reverse Button Analysis: This is a flat one-piece button with a loop shank. The shank is original, straight, and intact. No back mark.

Dug in South Carolina.~
The Bill Cross Collection.

 

 

 

1808-25 State Militia Rifles

Color: Two-Tone Browns.
Metal: Flat, 1-Piece, Raised Design, Gilt Brass.
Button Size: 18mm. Cuff Size.
Albert’s Number: Unlisted Die Variant
Variation: Hunting Horn / Seven Stars / Goose Neck.
Present Condition: A Dug Specimen, A Good Planchet Condition, A Good High Relief Pattern Remains.
Robert’s Notes: The eagle, horn and star pattern was most likely used by early southern state militia rifle units. The button was most likely made by an English manufacturer because of the double gilt back mark. There are two die variants with the combination of an eagle, horn, and stars that I know of, but there might be third. The only difference between the two variants is the style eagle depicted, and the view of the hunting horn. This button was most likely pre-ordered by garment makers to place on the uniforms ordered by state militia units that wanted a Federal type looking button. Several buttons with this pattern have been found in various southern states like, South Carolina, Georgia, and even Florida.  This button’s pattern depicts a Droop Wing Eagle facing left, while standing on a Hunting Horn that is pointing toward the right. The eagle depicted on this button has a long thin Goose Type Neck. There are Seven Stars placed in the field around the eagle. The high relief pattern is set on a plain flat field.
Reverse Button Analysis: This is a flat one-piece button with a loop shank. The shank is original, straight, and intact. Double Gilt rm.

     William, I received a submission of two early 1-piece 1800’s Militia Rifles buttons today, but having a tough time swallowing the location of the dig site. Digger claims Texas, but with my knowledge, I was thinking Georgia, possibly South Carolina. Can you offer any guidance?

     Robert, there is no reference for them….not in Albert’s or Tice’s as you have likely discovered (though, you might want to check the addendum in Albert’s to be sure…I don’t know what is in there by heart.
For accuracy sake, I would urge some skepticism with the Texas find location….make certain of it. Were they LA finds, I could buy in, but not buying in that there was any post in Texas as early as these buttons (that said of course, anything can be found anywhere for a variety of reasons….just wondering about the accuracy of the report).
With helpful intent, only, Yes. The examples that I have seen have come primarily from SC, but also a couple from FL….hence, GA makes sense. Coastal, if you are a betting man! Be well…off to the Franklin Show, shortly. -William Leigh

 

 

1808-25 State Militia Rifles

Color: Silver and Browns.
Metal: Flat, 1-Piece, Raised Design, Gilt Brass.
Button Size: 17mm. Cuff Size
Albert’s Number: Unlisted
Variation: Hunting Horn / Seven Stars / Fuller Body.
Present Condition: A Dug Specimen, A Good Planchet Condition, A Good High Relief Pattern Remains.
Robert’s Notes: The eagle, horn and star pattern was most likely used by early southern state militia rifle units. The button was most likely made by an English manufacturer because of the double gilt back mark. There are two die variants with the combination of an eagle, horn, and stars that I know of, but there might be third. The only difference between the two variants is the style eagle depicted, and the view of the hunting horn. This button was most likely pre-ordered by garment makers to place on the uniforms ordered by state militia units that wanted a Federal type looking button. Several buttons with this pattern have been found in various southern states like, South Carolina, Georgia, and even Florida. This button’s pattern depicts a Droop Wing Eagle facing left, while perched on a Hunting Horn that is turned upward toward the right. You only get a profile view of the horn in this depiction. The eagle depicted on this button has a shorter more Robust Neck. There are Seven Stars placed in the field around the eagle. The high relief pattern is set on a plain flat field.
Reverse Button Analysis: This is a flat one-piece button with a loop shank. The shank is original, straight, and intact. Double Gilt rm.

 

 

1820’s Militia Rifles Officer’s Pattern

Color: A Tarnished Brass Yellow.
Metal: Flat, 1-Piece, Raised Design, Gilt Brass.
Button Size: 21.29mm.  Coat Size.
Albert’s Number: RF-29:  RV: 05
Tice’s: RM196.A 
Variation: Hunting Horn /  Knot Bow tie / Pipe-Rope Edge   
Present Condition: A Non Excavated Specimen, An Exceptional Planchet Condition Remains, An Exceptional High Relief Pattern Remains.    
Robert’s Notes: This button’s pattern depicts a Hunting Horn facing right. There is a fancy Top Bow Tie above. The high relief pattern is set on an evenly lined field. There is a round picture frame flat border with a Pipe-rope edge trim.
Reverse Button Analysis: This is a bulbous one-piece button with a loop shank. The shank is original and intact. *TREBLE GILT* below / Crown above within a raised stipple ring.

The RJ Silverstein Collection.

 

 

1820’s State Militia Rifles Officer’s Pattern

Color: A Brass Yellow With Touch of Copper Undertones.
Metal: Flat, 1-Piece, Raised Design, Gilt Brass.
Size: 20.34mm.  Coat Size
Albert’s Number: RF 29:              RV: 05
Tice’s: RM193.A 
Variation: Hunting Horn / Three Knot Bow / 9 Six Pointed Stars Above & 9 Below / Pipe-Rope Edge.   
Present Condition: A Non Excavated Specimen, An Exceptional Planchet Condition, An Exceptional High Relief Pattern Remains.    
Robert’s Notes: This button’s pattern shows a Hunting Horn facing left, with a cord that is tied in a Three Knot Bow. There is 9 Six-Pointed Stars above and below. The high relief pattern is set on an evenly lined field. The field has an oval border with Pipe-rope trim. Usually available in both dug and non-dug specimens.   
Reverse Button Analysis: This is a flat one-piece button with a loop shank. The shank is original, straight, and intact.+TREBLE+ / ORANGE GILT between 2 dm rings.

The RJ Silverstein Collection. 

 

 

1820’s State Militia Rifles Officer’s Pattern

Color: A Golden Brass Yellow.
Metal: Flat, 1-Piece, Raised Design, Gilt Brass.  
Size: 22.59mm.  Coat Size.
Albert’s Number: RF 26: Unlisted Backmark.
Tice’s: RM181A. Unlisted Backmark.
Variation: Hunting Horn / 3 Knot Bow / 16 Asterisk Type Six Pointed Star / Wide Flat Border.    
Present Condition: A Non Excavated Specimen, An Exceptional Planchet Condition Remains, An Exceptional High Relief Pattern Remains.    
Robert’s Notes: This button’s pattern appears to have a few manufacturer’s backmarks. The button’s pattern depicts a Hunting Horn facing left, with a 3 Knot Bow and the two end tassels hanging in-between. There is 16 Asterisk type Six Pointed Stars circling around the outside of the horn. The high relief pattern is set on an evenly lined field with a Wide Flat Border. I found this to be a common button that is usually available in both dug and non-dug specimens.
Reverse Button Analysis: This is a flat one-piece button with a soldered loop shank. The shank is original and intact.*IMPERIAL  / ORANGE GILT* within 2 dm rings.

The RJ Silverstein Collection.

 

 

 

1820’s State Militia Rifles Officer’s Pattern

Color: A Greenish-Brass Yellow.
Metal: Flat, 1-Piece, Raised Design, Gilt Brass.
Size: 22.31mm. Coat Size
Albert’s Number: RF 26: Unlisted Backmark.
Tice’s: RM 181-A An Unlisted Backmark.
Variation: Hunting Horn / 3 Knot Bow / 16 Asterisk Type Six Pointed Star / Wide Flat Border.
Present Condition: A Non Excavated Specimen, A Strong Planchet Condition, A Strong High Relief Pattern Remains.
Robert’s Notes: This button’s pattern has a few manufacturer’s backmarks. The button’s pattern depicts a Hunting Horn facing left, with a 3 Knot Bow with the end-tassels hanging in-between. There is 16 Asterisk type Six Pointed Stars circling around the outside of the horn. The high relief pattern is set on an evenly lined field with a Wide Flat Edge Border. This is an earlier backmark usually available for this pattern.
Reverse Button Analysis: This is a flat one-piece button with a soldered loop shank. The shank is original and intact.SUPERIOR RICH above / A FLORAL WREATH BELOW. DM OUTSIDE RING.

Previously the Mabel-Fischer Collection.
The RJ Silverstein Collection.

 

 

 

 

1830’s Massachusetts Cohannet Rifle Corps

Color: A Golden Olive.
Metal: Flat, 1-Piece, Raised Design, Gilt Brass. 
Size: 22mm.  Coat Size
Albert’s Number: MS86:            RV: 25
Tice’s: MS244A.1
Variation: Massachusetts Coat of Arms / American Indian / North Star / Mass. Crest /Cohannet R.C..   
Present Condition: A Non Excavated Example, Exceptional Planchet Condition, An Exceptional High-Relief Pattern Remains.    
Robert’s Notes: The Cohannet Rifle Corps was organized in 1836 near Taunton Massachusetts. The button’s pattern depicts the Massachusetts’s State Coat of Arms. This is a standing native American Indian within a spade shaped shield. He is holding a short hunting bow in his right hand, and a large arrow pointing downward in his left. There is a North Star above the Indian’s right shoulder. Above the shield is the Mass. Crest of a uniformed arm and striking saber. Below is a stippled regimental banner ribbon inscribed, “COHANNET R.C.” in all high relief capital letters. The high relief pattern is set on a plain flat field.
Reverse Button Analysis: This is a flat one-piece button with a soldered loop shank. The shank is original, straight, and intact. rm ROBINSON EXTRA each word in separate ribbon. This was most likely pressed over an earlier button surplus. 

Picture Courteous of Harry Ridgeway.

 

 

Federal Riflemen
1792-1850’s

 

 

 

 

1792-96 The 4th Sub-Legion of the Battalion of Riflemen

Color: A Silvery Olive Grey.
Metal: Flat, 1-Piece, Impressed Design, Silver Plated Copper. 
Size: 16mm. Cuff Size.
Albert’s: RF 9Cv                    RV: 75
Variation: Large Foliated Script R / 4th Regt.
Present Condition: A Dug Specimen, Strong Planchet Condition Remains, A Strong Impression Remains.
Robert’s Notes: This Federal riflemen’s button was most likely used by troops along with later high relief foliated Riflemen Buttons during the War of 1812. There is some descriptive written documentation that suggest this foliated impressed pattern originates as early as 1792-96. The button does posses transitional characteristics to the later English Script foliated letter patterns. Either way, an extremely rare button. The button’s pattern depicts a large Riflemen’s Foliated Script Initial “R” with a medium size number “4” above. The impressed pattern is set on a plain flat field.
Reverse Button Analysis: This is a flat one-piece button with a loop shank. The Shank is original, straight, and intact.

Jim Baldwin dug this at Fort Wilkinson which was later known as Ft. Hawkins, near Milledgeville, GA.
The J. Baldwin Collection.~ 

Robert’s Notes: Even though there was a battalion of rifleman in each of the four sub-legions in 1792-96, there was no buttons officially ordered or issued for the Legionnaires  This Silver Plated button probably was supplied by a garment maker with the order of an officer’s uniform, or a special order by the officer to reflect his unit.

 

 

 

1798-1810 Federal Dragoon Officers > Diplomatic Attache Button

Color: A Brownish-Orange.
Metal: Flat, 1-Piece, Raised Design, Gilt Brass.
Size: 23.01mm. Coat Size.
Albert’s: Unknown Federal Detachment RV 350
Variation: Federal Eagle / Dragoon / E. Plurbus Unum / Olive Branch / 15 Arrows.
Present Condition: A Dug Specimen, A Good Planchet Condition Remains, A Good High Relief Pattern Remains.
Robert’s Notes: A Federal Dragoon officers special order button (instead of Fed. Issue). These distinct officers were commissioned to act as a military consul, or act as a small guard for a federal diplomat. This group of officers traveled as a military attache as needed. This button’s insignia style is often associated with various early 1800’s Official Diplomat buttons. William Leigh noted four other specimens known, a coat and cuff (dug) which was dug in South Carolina  many years back. 1-undug specimen, and mine above found in Vermont. Will do a little more research into Brig. General William Augustas Washington’s Dragoon command structure in South Carolina. A strong link might be warranted to this button. 
Reverse Button Analysis: This is a flat one-piece button with a loop shank. The Shank is original, straight, and intact. (Double Gilt rm Dates to 1798-Navy examples).

The Robert J. Silverstein Collection
Dug by Jason Lovett in Newfane, V.T. November 15, 2016 

 

 

1809-13 1st. Regiment of Riflemen

Color: An Ochre of Browns & Greens.
Metal: Flat, 1-Piece, Raised Design, Yellow Metal.
Size: 20.5mm. Coat Size.
Albert’s Number: RF Unlisted Variant
Variation: Regt. of Riflemen / Plain Script / Front Tail on Letter R is Straight.
Present Condition: A Dug Specimen, Good Planchet Condition, A Good High Relief Pattern Remains.
Robert’s Notes: This 1st Regt. button is thought to be one of the first issued for Regt. of Rifleman. Later replacement patterns for this regt. leave out the “1” designation in the bottom legend. I do not believe that this button is a template or the original issue for the 1808, RR Script pattern. If you examine the button’s pattern closely, it is actually a hybrid or cross design between the original 1808, Script RR pattern, and the later 1809 Foliated pattern. We know by 1812, another new pattern emerged depicting an Eagle with an “R” in the Shield. In 1813, the pattern was changed once again in the recognition of the military expansion of four new regt. of Riflemen. This helps me narrow the button’s conception range prior to the 1812 war. I have 2 date theories, both fall into a small date range.

First, we know that Crumpton was already making an unnumbered variation of this pattern for the U.S. military in 1808. When the new Foliated pattern was introduced in 1809, the pattern still remained unnumbered. Meaning there was no reason for the pattern to incorporate the “1” in the lower legend to make a regiment distinction. There had to have been some kind of premises for a military expansion for Crumpton to add a “1” onto the button. As mentioned this is actually is a hybrid or cross design between the original 1808, Script RR pattern, and the later 1809 Foliated pattern. Since this is a build off of the 1808 pattern, could this unique pattern be a prototype design dating prior to the accepted foliated pattern? 

We know from the metal detector community’s recorded recoveries that there have been no other specimens found at encampments, forts, or any of the 1812-15 War sites. So for my first theory, I one reasonably say it was made prior to the War of 1812, and the military never ordered or officially adopted this pattern. 

My second theory is that it was made as a prototype during the War of 1812. This comes the military expansion of 4 new Riflemen Regiments during the war, Crumpton could of easily made this new variation as an example for the expansion of regiments. Unfortunately, this pattern was most likely rejected for the military accepted Bugle or Hunting Horn design with the regt. number within. So, either of my theories allows me to tighten the date between 1809-1813. If collectors go before 1808, the U.S. Army designated these mounted soldiers as Dragoons, and the buttons also reflected English horn patterns. I understand there is a difference between dragoons and riflemen, but only on a battlefield. Riflemen were mounted sharpshooters and would dismount, while mounted dragoons rode right into the enemy line shooting and swinging their swords. It is unknown to me at this time if this pattern comes in both a coat and cuff size. What is needed for a final determination is a number “2” or “3” designated riflemen button. This information would pinpoint the button’s conception date. So, my main questions are, was there ever more then 1 regt. of riflemen prior to 1812 war, and if so, what year did this expansion take place for a designated button number? This button’s pattern depicts the Regt. of Riflemen’s two large Plain Script initials, “RR” in the center. There is a number “1” in the lower 6 o’clock legend for 1st regiment. The button’s pattern is cut in high relief on a plain flat field with a plain edge. Reverse Button Analysis: This is a flat one-piece button with a loop shank. The shank is original, straight, and intact.

Dug by Wayne Shelby in Burlington Township, New Jersey.

Robert’s notes: As a good businessman Crumpton probably had the foresight or information that the Army would possibly or eventually add more Regiments of Riflemen. Even if a pattern was replaced, soldiers would continue to wear older patterns for several years. The bugle design was officially kept into post war times. (Could this Bugle pattern come from early English 18th century state militia buttons with hunting horns?)

 

 

1808-11 Regiment of Riflemen 

Color: An Ochre of Browns & Greens.
Metal: Flat, 1-Piece, Raised Design, Copper. 
Size: 14.45mm. Cuff Size.  
Albert’s Number: RF 1-A:- Unlisted Size Variant:    RV: 35
Variation: Regt. of Riflemen / Plain Script / Front Tail on Letter R is Straight.   
Present Condition: A Dug Specimen, Good Planchet Condition, A Strong High Relief Pattern Remains.    
Robert’s Notes: This pattern button is one of the first issued pattern for the Regiment of Rifleman. In a letter dated in 1808 by Tench Coxe, he does mention the fact that the Script style is preferred over the Roman style font. He also mentions that a bugle could be added if desired. So, we know the bugle idea had early roots which stems from the English Hunting Horn. This pattern comes in both a coat and cuff size, and has two known die patterns. The only difference between the two is the tail on the R. One pattern is straight, the other is curled up. This button’s pattern depicts the Regt. of Riflemen’s two large Plain Script initials, “RR” in the center. The front tail of the R’s is straight. The pattern is set in high relief on a plain flat field.   
Reverse Button Analysis: This is a flat one-piece button with a loop shank. The shank is unfortunately missing. ARMITAGE?

Excavated at Fort Brooke.~
The RJ Silverstein Collection.

 

1808-11 Regiment of Riflemen 

Color: Grass Green on Brown.
Metal: Flat, 1-Piece, Raised Design, Brass.
Size: 20.51mm.   Coat Size
Albert’s Number: RF 1-B              RV: 35
Variation: Regt. of Riflemen / Tail on Letter R is Curled / Back Tail Swirl Before Knob  
Present Condition: A Dug Specimen, Strong Planchet Condition, A Strong High Relief Pattern Remains.    
Robert’s Notes: This pattern has two known die variants. The difference between the two die variants is the front tail on the two initials, “RR“. The first one is straight, the the other is curled. The button’s pattern depicts the Regt. of Riflemen’s two large script initials, “RR” in the center. The front tail of the “RR” is slightly Curled inward. The back tail also shows more of a swirl curl in the back before the knob end. The pattern is set in high relief on a plain flat field.   
Reverse Button Analysis: This is a flat one-piece button with a loop shank. The shank is straight and intact, but glued on. No backmark can be identified.

The RJ Silverstein Collection. 

 

 

 

1809-12 Regiment of Riflemen
 
Color: A Sea Algae Green.
Metal: Flat, 1-Piece, Raised Design, Copper.
Size: 19.65mm. Coat Size.  
Albert’s Number: RF 2 A:              RV: 35
Variation: Regt. of Riflemen / Foliated Script Letters.   
Present Condition: A Dug Specimen, Strong Planchet Condition, A Strong High Relief Pattern Remains.    
Isabela’s Notes: This pattern could have premiered a few years before, but most military buttons using foliated script date to around 1811. This short lived pattern only has one known die variant. The button’s pattern depicts the Regt. of Riflemen’s two large intertwined Foliated Script letters, “RR” in the center. The initials tails are very curly. The high relief pattern is set on a plain flat field. 
Reverse Button Analysis: This is a flat one-piece button with a loop shank. The shank is original, intact, but slightly bent. Blank backmark.

The RJ Silverstein Collection.

 

1809-12 Regiment of Riflemen

Color: A Silvery Green.
Metal: Flat, 1-Piece, Raised Design, Copper.
Size: 14.98mm. Cuff size
Albert’s Number: RF 2 Av: Unlisted Size Variant    RV: 50
Variation: Foliated Script Letters.
Present Condition: An Excavated Specimen, Strong Planchet Condition, A Strong High Relief Pattern Remains.
Isabela’s Notes: This cuff button was most likely part of the original general order. As with the coat, there is only one known die variant for the cuff. Albert doesn’t even have this size listed in his book, and might not have been aware of it’s existence. The button’s pattern depicts the Regt. of Riflemen’s two large intertwined Foliated Script letters, “RR” in the center. The initials tails are very curly. The high relief pattern is set on a plain flat field. 
Reverse Button Analysis: This is a flat one-piece button with a loop shank. The shank is original, intact, but slightly bent over. Blank backmark, no mold line.

The RJ Silverstein Collection.

 

 

1812-13 Regiment of Riflemen

Color: An Ochre of Browns, Greens, Purples, & Blues.
Metal: Flat, 1-Piece, Raised Design, Brass. 
Size: 15.36mm. Cuff Size.  
Albert’s Number: RF-3 Unlisted Size Variant:    RV: 25
Variation: Federal Type Eagle / Small Bundle of Arrows /  Five Petal Olive Branch /   
Present Condition: A dug Specimen, A Strong Planchet Condition, A Strong High Relief Pattern Remains.    
Robert’s Notes: The Dug cuff size is rare, and especially with the shank intact. Most likely this button saw parallel usage with other Regiment of Riflemen buttons during the war of 1812. According to Duncan Campbell’s notes, this was only made a short period, maybe a year. The button’s pattern depicts a Federal Type Eagle facing right. On his chest is a slightly raised Spade Shape Shield with the Riflemen’s initial, “R” in the center. In the Eagle’s left talon is a Small Bundle of Three Arrows facing upward and towards the left. In the eagle’s right talon is a Two Berry and Five Petal Olive Branch. The Riflemen’s initial is set within a slightly slanted Spade Shape Shield on a plain field. This style is very reminiscent of President Washington’s earlier adopted federal style uniform buttons. The high relief pattern is set on a plain flat field. A collector’s favorite!
Reverse Button Analysis: This is a flat one-piece button with a loop shank. The shank is original, straight, and intact.

Excavated in Stono River, South Charleston.
The RJ Silverstein Collection.

 

 

1814-15 1st Regiment of Riflemen

Color: A Tarnished Brass Yellow.
Metal: High-Convex, 1-Piece, Raised Design, Gilt Brass.  
Button Size: 16.46mm.  Cuff Size.
Albert’s Number: RF-6 A: RV: 25 / RV: 75 W/ Jackson Back Stamp. RV:20 Plain B/M.
Variation: Bugle / 1 / 16 Five Pointed American Stars /Jackson Victory DM Stamp.   
Present Condition: A Non Excavated Specimen, A Strong Planchet Condition, A Strong High Relief Pattern Remains.    
Robert’s Notes: This button’s reverse has the very desirable backmark over stamp, “Jackson’s Victory“. This was provided to the riflemen that fought with Jackson in the Battle of New Orleans at the close of the War of 1812. This was sort of a Proud Commemorative that riflemen had done by the manufacturer after the victory. Most Jackson Victory back stamps are extremely weak, and hard to see, esp with the Armitage raised marker. The button’s pattern depicts a Bugle facing left with a medium size number “1” slightly above for the 1st Regt.. There are 16 Five-Pointed American Stars circling the legend. The high relief pattern is set on a high convex plain field.
Reverse Button Analysis: This is a one-piece deep convex button with a copper loop shank. The shank is original, straight, and intact, ARMITAGE PHILA rm With “Jackson’s Victory” Back stamped dm over.

The RJ Silverstein Collection.

 

     “Hello Rob, -just finished an extended phone conversation with Bruce Bazelon. He states that Duncan Campbell’s notes reflect an 1813-1815 date for the Regiments of Riflemen buttons with the bugle, and number within. He believes they replace the order of 1812, and suggests that there is a parallel usage in the 1814 cap plates”. – William Leigh.

 

 

 

1813-15 1st Regiments of Riflemen

Color: A Shoe Polish Brown with Greenish-Brown Encrustations.
Metal: Flat, 1-Piece, Raised Design, Brass.
Size: 19.85mm.  Coat Size
Albert’s Number: RF-5 A.1:              RV: 20
Variation: Bugle / 1st Regt. of Riflemen / 1 / 15 Five Pointed American 1st Reg. Pattern.   
Present Condition: A Dug Specimen, A Strong Planchet Condition, A Strong High Relief Pattern Remains.    
Robert’s Notes: This new pattern replaced the previous eagle pattern buttons with the script “R” on the shield. Most likely this was issued during the War of 1812, and then worn for a short time period after by remaining troops. The button’s pattern depicts a large circular Bugle facing left. This pattern is a firm step away from the previous militia used English Style Hunting Horn. The regiment’s number “1” is in the center of the bugle. Circling around the outer legend is 15 Five-Pointed American Stars. The high relief pattern is set on a plain flat field with no edge border. Collectors seek the rarer back mark of Leavenworth Hayden & Scovill Waterbury/ as well specimens with an intact shank.
Reverse Button Analysis: This is a one-piece button with a loop shank. The shank is original and intact, but bent over. No back mark.

The RJ Silverstein Collection.

 

 

 

1813-15 2nd Regiments of Riflemen

Color: An Olive Brown.
Metal: Flat, 1-Piece, Raised Design, Brass.
Size: 19.71mm.  Coat Size
Albert’s Number: RF-7 A.1:           RV: 20
Variation: Bugle / 2 / 15 Five Pointed American Stars / 2nd Reg. Pattern.   
Present Condition: A Dug Specimen, Strong Planchet Condition,  A Good High Relief Pattern Remains.    
Isabela’s Notes: This new pattern replaced the previous eagle pattern buttons with the script “R” on the shield. Most likely this was issued during the War of 1812, and then worn for a short time period after by remaining troops. The button’s pattern depicts a large circular Bugle facing left. This pattern is a firm step away from the previous militia used English Style Hunting Horn. The regiment’s number “2” is in the center of the bugle. Circling around the outer legend is 15 Five-Pointed American Stars. The high relief pattern is set on a plain flat field with no edge border. Collectors seek the rarer back mark of Leavenworth Hayden & Scovill Waterbury/ as well specimens with an intact shank.
Reverse Button Analysis: This is a one-piece button with a loop shank. The shank is original, straight, and intact. No backmark.

The RJ Silverstein Collection.

 

1813-15 3rd Regiments of Riflemen

Color: A Shoe Polish Brown with A Rusty Orange Patina.
Metal: Flat, 1-Piece, Raised Design, Brass.  
Size: 20.36mm.  Coat Size
Albert’s Number: RF-8 A.1:           RV: 20
Variation: 3rd Reg. Pattern.   
Present Condition: A Dug Specimen, Strong Planchet Condition, Fair High Relief Pattern Remains.    
Isabela’s Notes: This new pattern replaced the previous eagle pattern buttons with the script “R” on the shield. Most likely this was issued during the War of 1812, and then worn for a short time period after by remaining troops. The button’s pattern depicts a large circular Bugle facing left. This pattern is a firm step away from the previous militia used English Style Hunting Horn. The regiment’s number “3” is in the center of the bugle. Circling around the outer legend is 15 Five-Pointed American Stars. The high relief pattern is set on a plain flat field with no edge border.
Reverse Button Analysis: This is a one-piece button with a loop shank. The shank is original, straight, and intact. No back mark.

The RJ Silverstein Collection.

 

 

1813-15 4th Regiments of Riflemen 

Color: Sea Algae Green.
Metal: Flat, 1-Piece, Raised Design, Brass.
Size: 19.98mm.  Coat Size
Albert’s Number: RF 9 A.1:               RV: 20
Variation: 15 Five-Pointed Stars.   
Present Condition: An Excavated Specimen, Good Planchet Condition, A Good High Relief Pattern Remains.    
Robert’s Notes: There are two known die variants for this pattern. The first has 13 five-pointed stars, and the second has 15 five pointed stars. The button’s pattern depicts a bugle or hunting horn around the center. The regiment number “4” is in the center within the bugle’s circle. Encircling the horn is 15 five-pointed stars around the periphery. The high relief pattern is set on a plain flat field with no edge border. Collectors seek the 13 Star border with the blank back mark, and also the 15 star L.H. & S.W. Con backmark which is noted to have the “4” re-engraved over the “1” in the die. 
Reverse Button Analysis: This is a one-piece button with a loop shank. The shank is original, straight and intact. No backmark. 

The RJ Silverstein Collection.

 

1812-14 Regiment of Rifleman

Color: Dark Sea Green.
Metal: Flat, 1-Piece, Raised Design, Brass.  
Size: 19.94mm.  Coat Size
Albert’s Number: RF 11-A.1:        RV: 20
Variation: Bugle or Hunting Horn / 13 Five Pointed American Stars / 13 Star Pattern.   
Present Condition: A Dug Specimen, An Exceptional Planchet Condition, An Exceptional High Relief Pattern Remains.    
Robert’s Notes: This button’s pattern depicts a Bugle or Hunting Horn circling around the center facing left. In the field above is 13 Five Pointed American Stars. The word, “RIFLE” is written in Roman font capital letters inside the bugle’s circle. The high relief pattern is set on a plain field. Collectors find the 13 star pattern a bit tougher to find compared to the 15 & 17 Star patterns. Most examples are found without the shanks. 
Reverse Button Analysis: This is a flat one-piece button. The shank is original and intact, but slightly bent over. No backmark.

Excavated in a Florida encampment.
The RJ & Debra Silverstein Collection.

 

 

1814-Post Regiment of Rifleman

Color: A Coppery Brown.
Metal: Flat, 1-Piece, Raised Design, Copper.   
Size: 20.44mm.  Coat Size
Albert’s Number: RF 13A.1:          RV: 20
Variation: 17 Star Pattern.   
Present Condition: An Excavated Specimen, Strong Planchet Condition, A Good/Strong High Relief Pattern Remains.    
Isabela’s Notes: This is the final pattern to be manufactured and worn by the rifleman during the War of 1812. The pattern does date to 1814, but might not have reached the troops early enough, or have been issued until 1815. This button’s pattern depicts a Bugle or Hunting Horn circling around the center facing left. In the field above is 17 Five Pointed American Stars. The word, “RIFLE” is written in Roman font capital letters inside the bugle’s circle. The high relief pattern is set on a plain field. More common and un dug specimens have surface in the market.
Reverse Button Analysis: This is a flat one-piece button with a loop shank. The shank is original and intact, but slightly bent over. No back mark.

The RJ Debra Silverstein Collection.

Excavated in the Council Bluffs, Iowa. This was a stop on the Missouri River on the way to Fort Atkinson, Nebraska which was established by the rifleman and the 6th infantry in 1819.

 

 

 

1840’s Federal Mounted Riflemen 

Color: An Aged Golden Brass Patina.
Metal: Convex, 1-Piece, Raised Design, Gilt Brass. 
Size: 19.72mm.  
Albert’s Number: RF 15-B Style: Unlisted Back mark: RV: 10
Tice’s: RF 200A.- Unlisted Back mark Variant
Variation: R in Small Shield / Long Stem Laurel   
Present Condition: A Non Excavated Example, Exceptional Planchet Condition, An Exceptional High Relief Pattern Remains.    
Isabela’s Notes: This one-piece button is most likely the transition button for when the “2nd Dragoons” became the Mounted Rifleman in 1842. From the back mark on this button, it indicates an 1830’s manufacture date. This probably was one of the first one-piece buttons issued to the New Mounted Service of Riflemen, and was issued before the later two-piece buttons replaced them. Tice does note in his book, that the later 1842 two-piece buttons used the same dies obverses as the earlier one-piece buttons. This particular one-piece pattern has several (5) die variants produced by manufacturers in the 1840’s. The button’s pattern depicts a spread eagle facing right with a slightly recessed small shield on it’s chest. Within the shield is a raised letter, “R” for Riflemen. In the eagle’s right talon is a long stem eight petal laurel stem. In it’s left talon is a small bundle of three arrows pointing left. The high relief pattern is set on a plain convex field with no edge border. Albert did note in his book that there are slight variations in the letter,”R”, and also the shape and size of the shield. Records indicate these Mounted Rifleman most likely used muzzle loading 1841 rifles. Not sure why Albert gave this early one-piece a low RV rating, I found early riflemen one-piece button very difficult to come by, especially compared to the Artillery or Infantry one-piece counterparts, and when i do see them for sale, they usually demand a premium. 
Reverse Button Analysis: This is a slightly concave one-piece button with a soldered on loop shank. The shank is original and intact. 5 rm rings .*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*

Robert’s Notes: This doesn’t mean that the all the Dragoons turned into Mounted Rifleman at this point
The RJ & Debra Silverstein Collection.

 

1840-50’s Federal Mounted Riflemen 

Color: A Golden Brass Yellow.
Metal: Convex, 2-Piece, Raised Design, Gilded Brass.  
Size: 22.4mm.  Coat Size
Albert’s Number: RF 17-D             RV: 08
Tice’s: RF 212A.39 (ScovillCO08)
Variation: Symmetrical Eagle / Depressed Shield.   
Present Condition: A Non Excavated Specimen, Exceptional Planchet Condition, An Exceptional High Relief Pattern Remains.    
Robert’s Notes: This button was intended for officers who served in Riflemen units. At this time they were highly skilled marksmen who eventually evolved into modern sharpshooters. This pattern was made by many manufacturers from the early 1840’s up until the Civil War. This would be a common button to have been found around Civil War sites. There are different die variants for this specific pattern, but all manufacturers depict a symmetrical spread-eagle facing right with a depressed shield. Inside the shield is a raised initial, “R” for Riflemen. In the eagle’s left talon is a small bundle of three arrows pointing up, and in it’s right claw is a long seven petal laurel stem. This high relief pattern is set on a low convex plain field with no edge border. Other manufacturer’s specimens can also be found on a high convex field. 
Reverse Button Analysis: This is a two-piece button with a loop shank. The shank is original, straight, and intact. SCOVILLS & CO./ WATERBURY.

Picture Courteous of Harry Ridgeway.

 

 

1850’s Federal Mounted Riflemen 

Color: Polished Brass Yellow.
Metal: High Convex, 2-Piece, Raised Design, Gilded Brass.   
Size: 20.6mm.  Coat Size
Albert’s Number: RF 17-Unlisted Back mark        RV: 08
Tice’s: RF 212A.58 (Extra Q17)
Variation: Symmetrical Eagle / Depressed Shield.   
Present Condition: A Non Excavated Specimen, Exceptional Planchet Condition, An Exceptional High Relief Pattern Remains.    
Isabela’s Notes: This is another manufacturer’s die variant who’s back mark dates to the 1850’s. As with all manufacturers of this specific pattern, it depict a symmetrical spread-eagle facing right with a depressed shield. Inside the shield is a raised initial, “R” for Riflemen. In the eagle’s left talon is a small bundle of three arrows pointing upward and to the left. In it’s right claw is a laurel with a short stem. This high relief pattern is set on a high convex plain field with no edge border.  This would be a common button to find around Civil War sites.
Reverse Button Analysis: This is a flat back two-piece button with a copper loop shank. The shank is original, straight, and intact. EXTRA* QUALITY  dm between 2 rings of dots.

 

 

 

1850’s Federal Mounted Riflemen 

Color: Polished Brass Yellow.
Metal: High Convex, 2-Piece, Raised Design, Gilded Brass.   
Size: 20.6mm.  Coat Size
Albert’s Number: RF 17-Unlisted Back mark           RV: 08
Tice’s: RF 212A.58 (Extra Q17)
Variation: Symmetrical Eagle / Depressed Shield.   
Present Condition: A Non Excavated Example, Exceptional Planchet Condition, An Exceptional High Relief Pattern Remains.    
Robert’s Notes: This is another manufacturer’s die variant who’s back mark dates to the 1850’s. As with all manufacturers of this specific pattern, it depict a symmetrical spread-eagle facing right with a depressed shield. Inside the shield is a raised initial, “R” for Riflemen. In the eagle’s left talon is a small bundle of three arrows pointing upward and to the left. In it’s right claw is a laurel with a short stem. This high relief pattern is set on a high convex plain field with no edge border.  This would be a common button to find around Civil War sites.
Reverse Button Analysis: This is a flat back two-piece button with a copper loop shank. The shank is original, straight, and intact. EXTRA* QUALITY * dm between 2 rings of dots.

 

 

 

 

1840-50’s Federal Mounted Riflemen 

Color: A Tarnished Brass Yellow.
Metal: Convex, 2-Piece, Raised Design, Gilded Brass.
Size: 23mm. Coat Size 
Albert’s Number: RF 20-A.1             RV: 05
Tice’s: RF 222A.1 (Evans06)
Variation:  Symmetrical Eagle / Raised Shield.   
Present Condition: A Non Excavated Example, Exceptional Planchet Condition, An Exceptional High Relief Pattern Remains.    
Isabela’s Notes: This is the D. Evans die variant that R & W Robinson produced which depicts a different style eagle which is more symmetrical and fuller in appearance. This variant was also made in a smaller size. The button’s pattern depicts a symmetrical spread-eagle facing right, with a raised recessed shield on it’s chest. Inside the shield is a raised initial, “R” for Riflemen. In the eagle’s left talon is a small bundle of three arrows pointing up, and in it’s right claw is a small five  petal laurel stem. This high relief pattern is set on a convex field with no edge border. Thomas Dale of New York also produced a similar pattern to this one.
Reverse Button Analysis: This is a two-piece button with a loop shank. The shank is original, straight, and intact. * D.EVANS & CO*/ATTLEBORO*MASS dm inner well around shank.

 

Interesting fact: Even though the Militia Rifles pattern dates to around 1820, the Specimens listed below have been known to be found at Civil War campsites, and battlefields. 

 

 

U.S. Dragoon’s & Mounted Riflemen Buttons
1760’s-1861’s

1776-83 2nd Continental Light Dragoons Button Mold

 

1770’s to 1860’s Dragoons &  Mounted Riflemen:

     Dragoon Regiments were established in most European armies during the late 17th, and early 18th centuries. The name “Dragoon” is thought to be derived from a type of firearm carried by the French Army. The term usage for Dragoons usually meant mounted infantry. These were professional soldiers who were trained in horseback riding, as well as possessing infantry fighting skills. Early Dragoon units were formed into companies like infantry soldiers, and their officers bore infantry ranks. They were mainly used for scouting, light skirmishes, and picket duties. On the battlefield they were used as a heavily armed force to shock infantry troops. Their regiments used drummers to communicate orders on the battlefield. There were a number of regiments in the American Revolution that were known as, Continental Light Dragoons. Their buttons were thought to be plain silver plated, or pewter with regiment number and “LD”, but most often their buttons were ball shaped. After the Revolution there wasn’t any horse-back military service until March of 1792. A squadron of Light Dragoons was organized which consisted of four troops. Each of the Sub-Legions was given their own troop of Light Dragoons. Unfortunately this was very short lived, and by 1796 there was only two troops of Light Infantry left in US service. Two years later in 1798, a whole regiment of Light Dragoons was organized which consisted of six new troops of Light Dragoons. In 1800, 1802, 1808, 1812, and 1814 Congress played a game of disbanding, and then building the Light Dragoon Regiments until 1815 when they consolidated into the Corps of Artillery. The Army formed the 1st Dragoon’s Regiment in 1833, and the 2nd Dragoons was formed in 1836. The 2nd Dragoons Regiment was converted to the Mounted Riflemen in 1842. 

     Mounted Infantry were soldiers who rode on horses instead of marching, but actually fought on foot. The first Mounted Infantry units to be names as such, “The Regiment of Mounted Rifleman, or Voltigeurs” came around the time of the Mexican War. By 1861, the Dragoons and Mounted riflemen arms were abolished and the two old regiments were transformed into the 1st & 2nd U.S. Cavalry Regiments. These later Cavalry Regiments fought as Mounted Infantry units, but were organized as troops, or into squadrons, and they used buglers to communicate orders on a battlefield. Unfortunately, with the invention of more accurate and quick firing rifles in the mid 1800’s, the Cavalry became more vulnerable to troops on foot; who could fire from cover, and form defensive lines quickly.

 

 

 

1770’s Loyalist, South Carolina Mounted Unit

Color: A Hershey’s Chocolate Brown With Olive Undertones.
Metal: Flat, 1-Piece, Raised Design, Copper.
Size: 28.5mm.
Troiani’s: ADSC.a Mine is Book Example.
Present Condition: A Dug Specimen, A Good Planchet Condition Remains, A Strong High Relief Pattern Remains.
Robert’s Notes: My latest theory is that this button belonged to a South Carolina British Loyalist either Dragoon’s or some kind of British related-Mounted Cavalry unit. Most likely an Officer using it as a field wear metal button.  The loyalist in South Carolina were known to have had a light cavalry units, as well as an infantry unit. Probably, one of those pompous British assholes with grand illusion of military authority over the colonists. Collector’s should note, i have seen specimens with the same pattern on a convex field that were found in England. These have been tightly dated to the same time period. The button’s pattern depicts a Dragoon’s symbol of a Mounted Rider with a Drawn Saber. The horse is depicted as Charging upon a grassy mound. The high relief pattern is set on a flat stippled field with a deep channel in the legend. Since the fall 2010, several copper and pewter specimens have surfaced from metal detector enthusiasts. Meaning this pattern was used more wide spread then the southern states. Confirmation from dig finds in England, Canada, and the American Colonies. No un-dug Specimens are known to exist, or painted portraits of officer’s with this uniform pattern.  
Reverse Button Analysis: This is a flat one-piece button with a loop shank. The Boss is still present, but the loop shank is unfortunately broken off. 

Excavated in South Carolina .~
The RJ & Debra Silverstein Collection.

 

 

1776-83 2nd Continental Light Dragoons Button Mold

Color: A Light Earthy Brown with Pewter Undertones.
Metal: Lead Button Mold.
Size: 16mm. (The Button itself, not the mold).
Rarity: R-7 (Only one Left in Existence)
Present Condition: An Excavated Specimen, Good mold Castor, A Strong Impression Remains Intact.
Robert’s Notes: This is an ultra rare one-piece Lead Dragoon Mold that goes inside of a wooden block. This is a single mold that would be used by a soldier in the field to make pewter buttons. These molds “Do Not Require A Copper Repousse to Protect the Lead”. The 2nd Continental Light Dragoons was also known as, “Sheldon’s Horse,” after Elisha Sheldon. Sheldon was commissioned by the Continental Congress on December 12, 1776, and was first mustered in March 1777, in Wethersfield, Connecticut for service in the Continental Army. The regiment consisted of four troops from Connecticut, one troop from Massachusetts, and one from New Jersey. The unit almost never served as a whole. Usually individual troops were assigned as necessary. Elements from this unit also comprised Washington’s personal Bodyguard. The 2nd Continental Dragoons played many roles during the American Revolution. To many people they were known as, “The Watchdogs of the Highlands” or in some instances, “Washington’s Eyes.” The regiments main patrol areas were around Southern Connecticut and New York. Their main duties were to intercept British supplies, and fight off bands of Loyalist Partisans who preyed on local citizens. The regiment performed numerous raids from Whaleboats against the British and Loyalist installations on Long Island. Some of there successful raised included the capture of Fort ST. George, FT. Slongo, and Lloyds Neck Long Island. The regiment also saw action at the Battle of Woodbridge, Battle of Brandywine, Battle of Kingston, Battle of Schoharie, The Battle of Flocky (Which was the first Cavalry Charge on American Soil) Battle of Paoli, Battle of Whitemarsh, Battle of Morrisania, Battle of Saratoga, Battle of Germantown, and the Battle of Yorktown. They were known to have been instrumental in Washington’s Secret Spy Ring. Major Benjamin Tallmadge became a master spy who ran one of the most successful spy rings during the American Revolution. He was able to infiltrate the British Military Command in the City of New York. In January of 1781, the regiment was reorganized by dismounting two of it’s six troops, and re-designated the 2nd Legionary Corps. The regiment was furloughed June 9, 1783 at Newburgh, NY, and then discharged on November 20, 1783 by a proclamation of General Washington. The 2nd Light Dragoons are Prominent in Colonel John Trumbull’s paintings of the American Revolution.
Known Specimen Owners from this Mold: Fort Stanwix Park Service / Yorktown, VA (Mass Burial Site) Colonial Williamsburg / Connecticut Village Winter Camp)

Excavated in Monterey Massachusetts.~
The Dale Collection.

 

 

 

 

1777-1782 3rd Continental Light Dragoons

Color: A Pewter Gray with Brown Undertones.
Metal: Flat, 1-Piece, Raised Design, Cast Pewter.
Size: 17mm. 
Troiani’s: A3LD 
Present Condition: An Excavated Specimen, Strong Planchet Condition, A Strong High Relief Pattern Remains.
Robert’s Notes: The 3rd Continental Dragoons was organized in Morristown New Jersey in January of 1777. This unit was mostly organized from the earlier Maryland and Virginia units. the unit briefly had some action in the northeastern states, but primarily saw action in the southern states, especially South Carolina. From recovery, this button most likely dates to around 1781; when the unit operated in South Carolina under Colonel William Washington. The button’s pattern depicts the company’s unit number and initials, “3RLD” on a flat plain field with a raised edge border. The pewter specimen is extremely rare, and in remarkable condition.
Reverse Button Analysis: This is a flat one-piece casting for the reverse shank. The shank is original, intact, but bent over. No backmark.

A water find in Charleston, South Carolina.~
The Keith Nixon Collection.

 

 

 

1777-1782 3rd Continental Light Dragoons

Color: A Pewter Gray With Brown Undertones.
Metal: Flat, 1-Piece, Raised Design, Cast Pewter.
Size: 25.4mm. (17mm)
Troiani’s: A3LD.b.
Present Condition: An Excavated Specimen, Good Planchet Condition, Fair/Good High Relief Pattern Remains.
Robert’s Notes: From this button’s recovery area, it most likely dates to September 27, 1778 Baylor’s Massacre. The unit was commanded by Colonel George Baylor, and at least 69 Dragoons were either killed, injured or taken prisoner in Tappan NY. The button’s pattern depicts large script initials, “L D” on a plain field with no raised edge border. Extremely rare specimen, collectors should seek any specimen.
Reverse Button Analysis: This is a one-piece casting for the reverse shank. The shank is reportedly original, straight, and intact.

Excavated by Wayne Daniels an Old Tappan Farm in New Jersey.
Location of Baylor’s massacre.

 

 

1828-34 Boston Light Dragoons, Co B. 1st Battalion  

Color: A Dull Golden Yellow.
Metal: Flat, 1-Piece, Raised Design, Gilt Brass.
Size: 23mm.             
Albert’s Number: MS 64:  RV 35
Tice’s Number: MS234A.1             
Present Condition: A Non Excavated Specimen, Exceptional Planchet Condition, An Exceptional High-Relief Pattern Remains.               
Robert’s Notes: Robinson & Jones made most of these buttons between 1828 and 1834. This regiment had a long distinguished military career, and fought in most of the eastern-state campaigns up until 1864. The organization was first led by Captain Henry Purkitt who served in Pulaski’s Cavalry Corps during the Revolution. They were later merged with Boston’s Hussars in 1810. These Dragoons later formed Companies A & B of the 1st Massachusetts Cavalry during the Civil War. The button’s pattern depicts a mounted Dragoon on a galloping horse with the inscription, “BOSTON LIGHT DRAGOON” in capital letters circling around the legend. Like the RI Horse Guard’s buttons, most of these specimens were struck off center. 
Reverse Button Analysis: This is a flat one-piece button with a loop shank. The original shank is original, straight, and intact. *ROBINSON, JONES & Co/ATTLEBORO/.*.*.*.EXTRA.*.*.*.*RICH rm has 5 rings, one resembles a rope.

 

 

 

 

1830-40’s Mass. National Lancers Co. A 1st Battalion Light Dragoons

Color: A Golden Brass Yellow.
Metal: Low Convex, 1-Piece, Raised Design, Gilt Brass.   
Size: 22mm.    
Albert’s Number: MS73:  RV 3
Tice’s: MS258A.1
Variation: Coat Size.  
Present Condition: A Non Excavated Specimen, Exceptional Planchet Condition, An Exceptional High Relief Pattern Remains.    
Isabela’s Notes:  This Light Dragoon’s unit organized in Boston around 1837, even though Robinson made these buttons around 1835. This would be the earliest known pattern to be used by this particular unit. The button’s high relief pattern depicts the old english initials, “NL” in the center of a lined field. There is a small thin border circling around the edge. In the Civil War, this unit served in the 1st Massachusetts Cavalry with distinction. 
Reverse Button Analysis: This is a slightly concave one-piece button with a loop shank. The shank is original, straight, and intact. *ROBINSON*/EXTRA RICH rm within 2 rm rings.

 

 

 

 

1830-40’s Mass. National Lancers Co. A 1st Battalion Light Dragoons

Color: A Golden Brass Yellow.
Metal: Low Convex, 1-Piece, Raised Design, Gilt Brass.  
Size: 14mm.    
Albert’s Number: Similar to MS73:-Unlisted Cuff Size Variant
Tice’s: MS258As.1
Variation: Hat or Cuff Size.  
Present Condition: A Non Excavated Specimen, Exceptional Planchet Condition, An Exceptional High Relief Pattern Remains.    
Robert’s Notes:  This Light Dragoon’s unit organized in Boston in 1837, even though Robinson made these buttons around 1835. This would be the earliest known pattern to be used by this unit. The button’s high relief pattern depicts the old english initials “NL” in the center of a lined field. There is a thin flat border circling around the field’s edge. In the Civil War, this unit served in the 1st Massachusetts Cavalry with distinction. 
Reverse Button Analysis: This is a slightly concave one-piece button with a loop shank. The shank is original, straight, and intact. *R & W.R* EXTRA RICH rm

 

 

 

 

1835-55 Rhode Island’s Washington Cavalry 

Color: A Golden Brass.
Metal: Low Convex, 2-Piece, Raised Design, Gilt Brass. 
Size: 22.7mm.  
Albert’s Number: RI 35-A: RV 20
Tice’s Number: RI 251A.1  
Present Condition: A Non Excavated Example, Strong Planchet Casting, Strong High Relief Pattern.   
Isabela’s Notes: The Washington Cavalry buttons were produced by R & W Robinson for about 20 years, from 1835 to 1855. The button’s pattern depicts Rhode Island’s state seal of a graphic style shield with a raised anchor inside. The anchor has a rope coming off the top ring’s left hand-side that goes under the stock, shaft, and fluke and hangs below the crown. The word hope is in a small banner in capital letters on top of the shield. The initials for Washington Cavalry,”WC” in raised Old English letters below the shield. The pattern is set on a convex lined field, with a thin raised flat edge border. The Robinson back mark on the specimen above dates to the early 1840’s.
Reverse Button Analysis: This is a slightly concave two-piece button with a copper loop shank. The original shank is original, straight, and intact. There is a slight push around the shank. *R & W. ROBINSON.* EXTRA RICH* dm between one outer solid ring, and two inner solid rings.

Picture Courteous of Harry Ridgeway.

 

 

 

 

 

1842-48 Rhode Island Providence Horse Guard 

Color: A Golden Brassy Brown.
Metal: Low Convex, 1-Piece, Raised Design, Gilt Brass. 
Size: 22mm.             
Albert’s Number: RI 27-A: RV 25
Tice’s Number: RI 233A.1                  
Present Condition: A Non Excavated Specimen, Exceptional Planchet Condition, An Exceptional High Relief Pattern Remains.               
Robert’s Notes: The Providence Horse Guards originally formed in 1842, but disbanded a few years afterward because interest in military assemblages wained. In 1861, they reformed again into a larger size regiment for the Civil War. The 1st Rhode Island Cavalry was composed of two parts, the RI Horse Guard, and the New Hampshire cavalrymen. The button’s pattern depicts a mounted Dragoon or Cavalryman on a galloping horse while wielding his Saber. Most of the original early year buttons were struck off center, and the examples found appear to be in near mint condition. Robinson was accredited to manufacturing this pattern throughout most of the 1840’s.     
Reverse Button Analysis: This is a slightly concave one-piece button with a loop shank. The original shank is original, straight, and intact. .*.R & W. Robinson .* Attleborough.*/ *.*.*. Extra.*.*.*. RICH Triple Raised Ring.

The RJ Silverstein Collection.

 

 

 

 

1830-40’s Republic of Texas Dragoon’s

Color: A Golden Brassy Brown.
Metal: 2-Piece, Low Convex, Raised Design, Gilt Brass.
Size: 19.3mm.
Albert’s Number: TX 9 RV 100
Tice’s Number: TX 216-A.1
Present Condition: An Excavated Example, Strong Planchet Condition, A Strong High Relief Pattern Remains.
Isabela’s Notes: As an independent country from the U.S., Texas needed to form their own Army to defend against the Mexicans. The button’s pattern depicts the Lone Star in the center of the button with a raised, “D” in the middle. The states name, “TEXAS” is arced above in large capital letters. The whole pattern is set on a low-convex plain field.
Reverse Button Analysis: This is a slightly concave one-piece button with a loop shank. The original shank is missing. SCOVILL / WATERBURY rmdc.

Picture Courteous of Harry Ridgeway

 

 

 

1833-42 U.S. Army Officer’s 6 Pointed Star False Embroidered Insignia (DRAGOONS)

Color: Golden Age Yellow.
Metal: 1-Piece, Convex, Raised Embroidery Design, Gilt Brass.
Size: 26mm.
Present Condition: An Excavated Specimen, Exceptional Metal Condition, An Exceptional Pattern Remains.
Isabela’s Notes: This button style embroidered insignia was used on Officer’s hats. The button depicts a Six Pointed Embroidered Star.
Reverse Button Analysis: This is a one-piece button with a loop shank. The shank is original, straight, and intact.

Excavated in a Confederate Camp in South Alabama/Mississippi Border by Mike Singer.~
The RJ Silverstein Collection.

 

 

 

 

1830’s U.S. Dragoons, Mounted Service

Color: A Deep Brown with Golden Highlights.
Metal: Convex, 2-Piece, Raised Design, Gilt Brass.  
Size: 19.3mm.  
Albert’s Number: DR 3A-5:  RV 10
Tice’s Number: DR206A.13
Variation: Goose Neck Eagle / Wide Shield / Narrow Long Wings.  
Present Condition: An Excavated Specimen, Strong Planchet Condition, Strong High Relief Pattern Remains.
Robert’s Notes:  This button was intended for Dragoon officers. The button’s pattern depicts a goose-neck spread eagle facing right with long narrow wings. In the eagle’s right talon is a short nine petal olive branch, and in it’s left claw is a bundle of three arrows pointing upward to the left. There is a wide raised shield on the eagle’s chest with a raised initial, “D” for dragoons. There are over 20 manufacturer die variants for this pattern between the sizes of 19-21mm. All were made during the 1830-40’s. 
Reverse Button Analysis: This is a two-piece button with a loop shank. The shank is original, straight, and intact. .SCOVILLS./WATERBURYdm

Picture Courteous of Harry Ridgeway.

 

 

 

1830’s U.S. Dragoons, Mounted Service

Color: A Deep Green.
Metal: Convex, 2-Piece, Raised Design, Gilt Brass.
Size: 20mm.
Albert’s Number: DR 3A-5: RV 10
Tice’s Number: DR206A.14
Variation: Goose Neck Eagle / Wide Shield / Narrow Long Wings.
Present Condition: An Excavated Specimen, Strong Planchet Condition, Strong High Relief Pattern Remains.
Isabela’s Notes: This button was intended for Dragoon officers. The button’s pattern depicts a goose-neck spread eagle facing right with long narrow wings. In the eagle’s right talon is a short nine petal olive branch, and in it’s left claw is a bundle of three arrows pointing upward to the left. There is a slightly slanted shield outline on the eagle’s chest with a raised initial, “D” for dragoons. There are over 20 manufacturer die variants for this pattern between the sizes of 19-21mm. All were made during the 1830-40’s.
Reverse Button Analysis: This is a two-piece button with a loop shank. The shank is original, straight, and intact. .SCOVILLS ***

J Baldwin Dug & owns this one.

 

 

 

 

1842-61 U.S. Dragoons, Mounted Service

Color: Chocolate Brown with Green Encrustations.
Metal: High Convex, 2-Piece, Raised Design, Brass.   
Size: 21mm.  
Albert’s Number: DR 4:  RV 10
Tice’s Number: DR215A.12
Variation: Deep-Wide Recessed Shield / Symmetrical Eagle   
Present Condition: An Excavated Specimen, Strong Planchet Condition, A Strong High Relief Pattern Remains.    
Robert’s Notes:  This button’s pattern depicts a symmetrical spread eagle facing right. On the eagle’s chest is a deep-wide recessed shield , that has a raised initial, “D” for Dragoons within. In the eagle’s right talon is an eight petal olive branch. In the eagle’s left talon is a small bundle of three arrows pointing upward. The high relief pattern is set on a convex paladin field with no edge border. 
Reverse Button Analysis: This is a two-piece button with a loop shank. The shank is original, straight, and intact. . HORSTMANN & ALLIEN. NY dm ring.

Excavated at Fort Pendleton, North Carolina in 1976.~
The RJ& Debra Silverstein Collection. 

 

 

 

 

1842-61 U.S. Dragoons, Mounted Service

Color: An Olive Brass Yellow.
Metal: High Convex, 2-Piece, Raised Design, Gilt Brass. 
Size: 22mm.  
Albert’s Number: DR 4: RV 10
Tice’s Number: DR215A.2
Variation: Symmetrical Spread Eagle / Wide Deep Recessed Shield.  
Present Condition: A Non Excavated Example, Exceptional Planchet Condition, Exceptional High-Relief Pattern Remains.    
Isabela’s Notes:  This specimen is a different die variant from scovill’s manufacturing. The button’s pattern depicts a more fuller and symmetrical spread-eagle facing right. There is a deep-wide recessed shield with the raised initial, “D” for dragoons. In the eagle’s right talon is a short close petal olive branch. In it’s left talon is a small bundle of three arrows pointing upward. The high relief pattern is set on a plain convex field with no edge border. 
Reverse Button Analysis: This is a two-piece button with a loop shank. The shank is original, straight, and intact. . HORSTMANN & ALLIEN. NY dm ring.

Excavated also at Fort Pendleton, North Carolina in 1976.~
The RJ & Debra Silverstein Collection. 

 

 

 

1842-61 U.S. Dragoons, Mounted Service

Color: A Deep Brown with Golden Highlights.
Metal: High Convex, 2-Piece, Raised Design, Gilt Brass.   
Size: 22.3mm.  
Albert’s Number: DR 4:  RV 10 
Tice’s Number: DR215A.14
Variation: Twist Feather Neck / Narrow Pointed Recessed Shield.  
Present Condition: A Non Excavated Specimen, Exceptional Planchet Condition, An Exceptional High Relief Pattern Remains.    
Robert’s Notes:  This backmark indicates that it was manufactured by Steele & Johnson in the 1850’s. This officer’s button depicts a twist feather neck spread-eagle facing right. On the eagle’s chest is a narrow pointed recessed shield with a raised initial “D” for Dragoons. In the eagle’s right talon is a long stem seven petal olive branch. In it’s left claw is a small bundle of three arrows pointing upward. The high relief pattern is set on a high-convex plain field with no edge border.
Reverse Button Analysis: This is a two-piece button with a loop shank. The shank is re-soldered, but straight, and intact. .W.H.HORSTMAN & SONS/PHI. rmdc 

 

 

 

1840-61 U.S. Dragoons, Mounted Service

Color: A Deep Brown with Golden Highlights.
Metal: Convex, 2-Piece, Raised Design, Gilt Brass.     
Size: 22.3mm.             
Albert’s Number: DR 4-A.2:        RV 10 
Tice’s Number: DR215A.11
Variation: Wide Deep Recessed Shield.            
Present Condition: A Non Excavated Example, Exceptional Planchet Condition, An Exceptional High Relief Pattern Remains.               
Isabela’s Notes:  This later backmark indicates that it was manufactured by Steele & Johnson in the early1860’s. This officer’s button has a chased quality to it’s conception. At this point, manufacturers were taking orders from officers for chasing their buttons. This button depicts a symmetrical spread-eagle facing right. In the eagle’s right talon is a long stem seven petal olive branch. In it’s left claw is a small bundle of three arrows pointing up and to the left. On the eagle’s chest is a deep recessed shield with a raised initial, “D” for Dragoons. The high relief pattern is set on a convex plain field with no edge border. 
Reverse Button Analysis: This is a two-piece button with a loop shank. The shank is re-soldered, but straight, and intact. HORSTMAN & ALLIEN within 2 ring dm with inner ring of rays dm 

 

 

1840-61 U.S. Dragoons, Mounted Service

Color: A Deep Brown with Golden Highlights.
Metal: Convex, 2-Piece, Raised Design, Gilt Brass.
Size: 22.3mm.
Albert’s Number: DR 4 Unlisted RV 10
Tice’s Number: DR215 A.20
Variation: Wide Deep Recessed Shield.
Present Condition: A Non Excavated Specimen, An Exceptional Planchet Condition, An Exceptional High Relief Pattern Remains.
Isabela’s Notes: This button depicts a spread-eagle facing right. In the eagle’s right talon is a long stem seven petal olive branch. In it’s left claw is a small bundle of three arrows pointing up and to the left. On the eagle’s chest is a deep recessed shield with a raised initial, “D” for Dragoons. The high relief pattern is set on a convex plain field with no edge border.
Reverse Button Analysis: This is a two-piece button with a loop shank. The shank is re-soldered, but straight, and intact. W.G.MINTZER PHILd dm inner stipple ring, outer ring.

 

 

 

1840’s-61 U.S. Dragoons, Mounted Service

Color: A Sandy Brown With Orange Highlights.
Metal: Convex, 2-Piece, Raised Design, Gilt Brass.
Size: 15mm.
Albert’s Number: DR 4-A.2: RV 10
Tice’s Number: DR215A.33
Variation: Wide Deep Recessed Shield.
Present Condition: An Excavated Example, Good Planchet Condition, A Good High Relief Pattern Remains.
Isabela’s Notes: This earlier backmark indicates that it was manufactured by Scovills in the early 1840’s. This button depicts a symmetrical spread-eagle facing right. In the eagle’s right talon is a long stem seven petal olive branch. In it’s left claw is a small bundle of three arrows pointing up and to the left. On the eagle’s chest is a deep recessed shield with a raised initial, “D” for Dragoons. The high relief pattern is set on a convex plain field with no edge border.
Reverse Button Analysis: This is a two-piece button with a loop shank. The shank is crushed inward, but intact.

 

 

 

 

1847-48/65 Voltigeurs & Foot Riflemen

Color: A Brass Yellow.
Metal: High Convex, 2-Piece, Raised Design, Gilt Brass.  
Size: 20mm.  
Albert’s Number: VG 2-A: RV 35
Tice’s Number: VG215A.1
Variation: Raised “V” in Wide Recessed Shield.  
Present Condition: A Non Excavated Example, An Exceptional Planchet Condition, An Exceptional High Relief Pattern Remains.    
Isabela’s Notes: In 1847 during the Mexican War, Congress authorized a Regiment of Voltigeurs and Foot Rifleman to specialize in Mountain warfare. This regiment was going to be organized and trained to fight with long rifles within the mountainous terrain with the support of both rocket, and howitzers. Originally the idea was for a special unit, with half of it’s men to be mounted, and the other half were to be on foot. The intent was for each horsemen to be paired with a foot soldier who was to get up behind him for rapid movements. However, this arrangement was never used, and Voltigeurs became a Regiment of Foot Rifleman armed with the muzzle loading model 1841 rifle. This was the same as the Regiment of Mounted Rifleman. The term Voltigeurs was taken from the french word,”Volitger” which means to leap of tumble. The Voltigeurs was disbanded in 1848 at the close of the Mexican War. Some advanced collectors believe the left over stock was issued to Virginia troops during the Civil War because the “V” within the shield could stand for Virginia. The button’s pattern depicts a spread-eagle facing right. On the eagle’s chest is a wide recessed shield with the initial, V” for Voltigeurs. In the eagle’s right talon is a long stem ten petal olive branch In it’s left talon is a small bundle of three arrows pointing upward. The high relief pattern is set on a plain high-convex field with no edge border.  General Order Number 7 > gilt same as for the mounted rifleman, except they shall bear the letter “V”. 
Reverse Button Analysis: This is a one-piece button with a loop shank. rmdc . SCOVILLS & Co/WATERBURY.
 
The RJ Silverstein Collection

 

 

 

 

1847-48/65 Voltigeurs & Foot Riflemen

Color: A Golden Brown.
Metal: High Convex, 2-Piece, Raised Design, Gilt Brass.  
Size: 20mm.  
Albert’s Number: VG 2-A:  RV 35
Tice’s Number: VG215A.1
Variation: Raised “V” in Deep Recessed Shield.  
Present Condition: An Excavated Specimen, A Strong Planchet Condition, A Strong High Relief Pattern Remains.    
Isabela’s Notes: In 1847 during the Mexican War, Congress authorized a Regiment of Voltigeurs and Rifleman to specialize in Mountain warfare. This infantry regiment was going to be organized and trained to fight with long rifles within the mountainous terrain with the support of both rocket, and howitzers. The term Voltigeurs was taken from the French word, “Volitger” which means to leap of tumble. The regiment was disbanded in 1848 at the close of the Mexican War. Some collectors believe the left over stock was issued to Virginia troops during the Civil War because the “V” within the shield could stand for Virginia. The button’s pattern depicts a spread-eagle facing right. On the eagle’s chest is a wide recessed shield with the initial, V” for Voltigeurs. In the eagle’s right talon is a long stem ten petal olive branch. In it’s left talon is a small bundle of three arrows pointing upward. The high relief pattern is set on a plain high-convex field with no edge border. 
Reverse Button Analysis: This is a one-piece button with a loop shank. rmdc . SCOVILLS & Co/WATERBURY.

The N. Pruit Collection.